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A guerra distingue-se qualitativamente dos conflitos interindividuais, porque pressup\u00f5e organiza\u00e7\u00e3o t\u00e9cnico-simb\u00f3lica, mem\u00f3ria e ideologia partilhadas, coordena\u00e7\u00e3o estrat\u00e9gica e legitima\u00e7\u00e3o pol\u00edtica. Assim, rejeita-se a naturaliza\u00e7\u00e3o da guerra e da paz - quer sob a forma de teodiceias, quer de antropologias filos\u00f3ficas - e se defende a sua conting\u00eancia hist\u00f3rico-cultural, enquanto processos epigen\u00e9ticos e t\u00e9cnicos da socialidade humana. Ao construir uma tipologia diferenciada da viol\u00eancia (intergrupal, interindividual, h\u00edbrida, unilateral, pseudob\u00e9lica), o texto oferece uma nova taxonomia que esclarece o sentido espec\u00edfico da guerra como fen\u00f3meno motivado, coletivo e contingente. A paz surge, correlativamente, como possibilidade antropol\u00f3gica e jur\u00eddica enraizada na autocr\u00edtica c\u00edvica, na delibera\u00e7\u00e3o pol\u00edtica e na capacidade cooperativa. O contributo original reside na articula\u00e7\u00e3o entre filosofia da guerra e \u00e9tica\/direito cosmopolita, propondo uma reconstru\u00e7\u00e3o conceitual das fronteiras e das rela\u00e7\u00f5es entre viol\u00eancia, guerra e paz.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/0101-3173.2025.v48.n4.e025193","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T15:00:13Z","timestamp":1763478013000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Guerra e paz: entre animal pol\u00edtico e cr\u00edtica cosmopolita"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8707-1877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo","family":"Jesus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de Lisboa,  Portugal; Universidade Portucalense Infante D. Henrique,  Portugal"}]}],"member":"530","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"The Omnibus Homo Sacer","author":"AGAMBEN G.","year":"2017"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1177\/0022343319883672","article-title":"An interactive model of democratic peace","volume":"58","author":"ALTMAN D.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Peace Research"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"The Complete Works of Aristotle","year":"1984"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Paix et guerre entre les nations","author":"ARON R.","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Penser la guerre, Clausewitz: 1. L\u2019\u00e2ge europ\u00e9en\/2. 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