{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T07:08:15Z","timestamp":1761980895505,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Braz. Dent. J."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study evaluated the influence of apical patency, root filling removal technique and cleaning of the apical foramen, concerning the amount of debris extruded during root canal retreatment. Forty mandibular incisors were randomly assigned to 4 groups - GIM (n=10), GIIM (n=10), GIPT (n=10) and GIIPT (n=10), which were named according to leaving (I) or not (II) apical patency during canal preparation and filling removal technique (manual - M or ProTaper system - PT). After filling material removal, each specimen of each group had the apical foramen cleaned by sizes 15, 20 and 25 instruments, generating 12 subgroups: GIM15, GIM20, GIM25, GIIM15, GIIM20, GIIM25, GIPT15, GIPT20, GIPT25, GIIPT15, GIIPT20 and GIIPT25. Extruded filling debris was collected by a Milipore filtration system, an HV-durapore, 0.45 \u00b5m pore filter with a 25 mm diameter. The filters were weighed before and after the collection on an analytical scale (10\u20135 g), and the difference was calculated. The mean weight of extruded filling debris was analyzed statistically by Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman ANOVA tests (\u03b1=0.05). The mean values found in the groups (in mg) were: GIM (0.95\u00b10.94), GIIM (0.47\u00b10.62), GIPT (0.30\u00b10.31) and GIIPT (0.32\u00b10.44). There was no statistically significant difference among any of the groups or subgroups (p&gt;0.05). ProTaper provided the smallest amount of extruded filling material, regardless of presence or absence of apical patency, followed by manual technique, without and with apical patency. Additional amounts of debris were collected during cleaning of the apical foramen, regardless of the instrument, presence\/absence of patency or root filling removal technique.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/0103-6440201302016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,20]],"date-time":"2014-02-20T14:23:39Z","timestamp":1392906219000},"page":"482-486","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Influence of Apical Patency and Cleaning of the Apical Foramen on Periapical Extrusion in Retreatment"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Marili Doro Andrade","family":"Deonizio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UFPR - Federal University of Paran\u00e1,  Brazil"}]},{"given":"Gilson Blitzkow","family":"Sydney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UFPR - Federal University of Paran\u00e1,  Brazil"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Batista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UFPR - Federal University of Paran\u00e1,  Brazil"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Pontarolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UFPR - Federal University of Paran\u00e1,  Brazil"}]},{"given":"Paulo Ricardo Bittencourt","family":"Guimar\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UFPR - Federal University of Paran\u00e1,  Brazil"}]},{"given":"Giulio","family":"Gavini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USP - University of S\u00e3o Paulo,  Brazil"}]}],"member":"530","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.2011.01873.x","article-title":"A prospective study of the factors affecting outcomes of non-surgical root canal treatment: part 2: tooth survival","volume":"44","author":"Ng YL","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"32","article-title":"Current concepts in gutta-percha removal in endodontic retreatment","volume":"70","author":"Mounce R","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Y State Dent J"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.2006.01099.x","article-title":"On the causes of persistent apical periodontitis: a review","volume":"39","author":"Nair PN","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1097\/01.don.0000152294.35507.35","article-title":"The effect of disruption of apical constriction on periapical extrusion","volume":"31","author":"Tinaz AC","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2007.05.019","article-title":"Quantitative evaluation of debris extruded apically by using ProTaper Universal Tulsa rotary system in endodontic retreatment","volume":"33","author":"Huang X","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2591.2000.00340.x","article-title":"Efficacy of Quantec rotary instruments for gutta-percha removal","volume":"33","author":"Bramante CM","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/S0099-2399(87)80064-X","article-title":"Endodontic retreatment: evaluation of gutta-percha and sealer removal and canal reinstrumentation","volume":"13","author":"Wilcox LR","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2591.2000.00320.x","article-title":"A comparison of the relative efficacies of four hand and rotary instrumentation techniques during endodontic retreatment","volume":"33","author":"Imura N","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2008.02.008","article-title":"The effectiveness of manual and mechanical instrumentation for the retreatment of three different root canal filling materials","volume":"34","author":"Somma F","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1590\/S1678-77572010000600002","article-title":"Comparison of debris extruded apically and working time used by ProTaper Universal rotary and ProTaper retreatment system during gutta-percha removal","volume":"18","author":"Uezu MK","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Appl Oral Sci"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"443","article-title":"Computer-assisted photomicrographic evaluation of root canal morphology after removal of the filling material during retreatment","volume":"52","author":"Nica L","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rom J Morphol Embryol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1590\/S0103-64402011000400006","article-title":". 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