{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T11:39:28Z","timestamp":1765280368152,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rev. paul. pediatr."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze which equation best estimates maximal heart rate (HRmax) for the pediatric population according to body mass. Data source: We performed a meta-analysis (PROSPERO No. CRD42020190196) of cross-sectional studies that aimed to validate or develop HRmax equations and that had children and adolescents as samples. The search was conducted in Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, PubMed, and Biblioteca Virtual em Sa\u00fade with the descriptors \u201cprediction or equation,\u201d \u201cmaximal heart rate,\u201d \u201cmaximum heart rate,\u201d \u201cdetermination of heart rate,\u201d children, and adolescent. The TRIPOD Statement tool was used to assess the methodological quality and the relevant data were extracted for analysis. The meta-analysis was conducted in the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis, adopting p&lt;0.05 and a 95% confidence interval (CI). Data synthesis: In total, 11 studies were selected, of which 3 developed predictive equations, 10 performed external validity of the preexisting models, and 1 incremented values related to equations already developed. The results of the methodological quality analysis showed a moderate rating in most studies. The 164 + (0.270 \u00d7 HRres) \u2013 (0.155 \u00d7 body mass) + (1.1 \u00d7 METs) + (0.258 \u00d7 body fat percent) (r=0.500, 95%CI 0.426\u20130.567, p&lt;0.001) and 166.7+ (0.46 \u00d7 HRres) + (1.16 \u00d7 maturation) (r=0.540, 95%CI 0.313\u20130.708, p&lt;0.001) equations presented stronger correlations with measured HRmax in nonobese adolescents. The predictive model developed by 208 \u2013 (0.7 \u00d7 age) showed a greater accuracy among the possible models for analysis (SDM=-0.183, 95%CI -0.787 to -0.422, p=0.554). No specific predictive equation was found for obese adolescents. Conclusions: Future research should explore new possibilities for developing predictive equations for this population as a tool to control exercise intensity in the therapeutic management of childhood and adolescent obesity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/1984-0462\/2023\/41\/2021397","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T13:51:26Z","timestamp":1678110686000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Prediction equations for maximal heart rate in obese and nonobese children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8395-0428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Eduarda Casagrande","family":"Carli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9001-6123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frederico Bento de","family":"Moraes Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4389-1213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco Jos\u00e9 de","family":"Menezes-Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6953-0793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maiara Cristina","family":"Tadiotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7571-9181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Mota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade do Porto, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4752-6697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neiva","family":"Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1, Brazil; Universidade do Porto, Brazil"}]}],"member":"530","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"reference":[{"edition":"10th ed.","year":"2018","series-title":"ACSM\u2019s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription: benefits and risks associated with physical activity","key":"ref1"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1016\/j.repc.2021.01.014","article-title":"Cardiac rehabilitation and improvement of chronotropic incompetence: is it the exercise or just the beta blockers?","volume":"40","author":"Pimenta T","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev Port Cardiol (Engl Ed)."},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Exercise physiology: nutrition, energy and human performance.","author":"McArdle WD","year":"2016","edition":"8th ed."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2012.01445.x","article-title":"Age-predicted maximal heart rate in healthy subjects: the HUNT fitness study","volume":"23","author":"Nes BM","year":"2013","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sport"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"404","article-title":"Physical activity and the prevention of coronary heart disease","volume":"3","author":"Fox 3rd SM","year":"1971","journal-title":"Ann Clin Res."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(00)01054-8","article-title":"Age-predicted maximal heart rate revisited","volume":"37","author":"Tanaka H","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1080\/08037051.2019.1700777","article-title":"Identifying poor cardiorespiratory fitness in overweight and obese children and adolescents by using heart rate variability analysis under resting conditions","volume":"29","author":"Red\u00f3n P","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Press"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1080\/02701367.2019.1615605","article-title":"Age-based prediction of maximal heart rate in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"90","author":"Cicone ZS","year":"2019","journal-title":"Res Q Exerc Sport"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"955","article-title":"Chronotropism during exercise. Methodological and conceptual inconsistencies","volume":"40","author":"Mendes M","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev Port Cardiol (Engl Ed)"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"1","article-title":"The surprising history of the \u201cHRmax=220-age\u201d equation","volume":"5","author":"Robergs RA","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Exerc Phys."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-29076","article-title":"Cardiovascular responses to progressive cycle exercise in healthy children and adults","volume":"23","author":"Vinet A","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1080\/02701367.2010.10599707","article-title":"Evaluating the prediction of maximal heart rate in children and adolescents","volume":"81","author":"Mahon AD","year":"2010","journal-title":"Res Q Exerc Sport"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"136","article-title":"Validity of maximum heart rate prediction equations for children and adolescents","volume":"97","author":"Machado FA","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arq Bras Cardiol."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000315","article-title":"Prediction of maximal heart rate in children and adolescents","volume":"27","author":"Gelbart M","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina55110735","article-title":"Validity of prediction equations of maximal heart rate in physically active female adolescents and the role of maturation","volume":"55","author":"Papadopoulou SD","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199309000-00017","article-title":"Predicting max HR and the HR-VO2 relationship for exercise prescription in obesity.","volume":"25","author":"Miller WC","year":"1993","journal-title":"Med Sci Sport Exerc."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181d682d2","article-title":"Maximal heart rate prediction in adults that are overweight or obese.","volume":"25","author":"Franckowiak SC","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page MJ","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"g7594","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g7594","article-title":"Transparent reporting of a multivariable prediction model for individual prognosis or diagnosis (TRIPOD): the TRIPOD statement","volume":"350","author":"Collins GS","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1097\/PAP.0000000000000072","article-title":"New guideline for the reporting of studies developing, validating, or updating a multivariable clinical prediction model: the TRIPOD statement","volume":"22","author":"Moons KG","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv Anat Pathol."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1186","article-title":"Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis.","volume":"21","author":"Higgins JP","year":"2002","journal-title":"Stat Med."},{"key":"ref22","series-title":"Estat\u00edstica sem matem\u00e1tica: para psicologia: usando SPSS para Windows.","author":"Dancey CP","year":"2006","edition":"3a ed."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.4103\/2319-4170.131397","article-title":"Maximal heart rate in soccer players: measured versus age-predicted.","volume":"38","author":"Nikolaidis PT","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomed J."},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"455","article-title":"Compara\u00e7\u00e3o entre frequ\u00eancia card\u00edaca m\u00e1xima predita e mensurada em atletas adolescentes de futsal.","volume":"7","author":"Souza EG","year":"2015","journal-title":"Revista Brasileira de Futsal e Futebol."},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"277","article-title":"Comparison of maximal heart rate attained by distinct methods.","volume":"23","author":"Caputo EL","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev Educ Fis UEM"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1515\/humo-2015-0007","article-title":"Estimating maximal heart rate with the \u201c220-age\u201d formula in adolescent female volleyball players: a preliminary study.","volume":"15","author":"Nikolaidis PT","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum Mov."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1123\/pes.2017-0281","article-title":"Age-predicted maximal heart rate equations are inaccurate for use in youth male soccer players.","volume":"30","author":"Cicone ZS","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Exerc Sci."},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"309","article-title":"Maximum heart rate measured versus estimated by different equations during the cardiopulmonary exercise test in obese adolescents.","volume":"36","author":"Heinzmann-Filho JP","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev Paul Pediatr."},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"19","article-title":"Is the HRmax=220-age equation valid to prescribe exercise training in children?","volume":"16","author":"Colantonio E","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Exerc Physiol Online"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"1207","article-title":"Age-related maximal heart rate: examination and refinement of prediction equations.","volume":"55","author":"Shargal E","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Sports Med Phys Fitness"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-965783","article-title":"Training induced changes in maximum heart rate.","volume":"29","author":"Whyte GP","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2012.09.010","article-title":"Heart rate and blood pressure response to ramp exercise and exercise capacity in relation to age, gender, and mode of exercise in a healthy population.","volume":"61","author":"Itoh H","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cardiol."},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"538","article-title":"Normal cardiopulmonary responses during incremental exercise in 20- to 70-yr-old men.","volume":"26","author":"Inbar O","year":"1994","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"266","article-title":"Exercise testing.","author":"Moss AJ","year":"2000","journal-title":"Moss and Adams\u2019 heart disease in infants, children, and adolescents: including the fetus and young adult"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.12-1458","article-title":"Reference values for cardiorespiratory response and fitness on the treadmill in a 20- to 85-year-old population.","volume":"144","author":"Edvardsen E","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1097\/mss.0b013e31803349c6","article-title":"Longitudinal modeling of the relationship between age and maximal heart rate.","volume":"39","author":"Gellish RL","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1080\/02701367.1982.10605252","article-title":"Effect of age and other factors on maximal heart rate.","volume":"53","author":"Londeree BR","year":"1982","journal-title":"Research Quartely for Exercise and Sport"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.4103\/0300-1652.137192","article-title":"Age-predicted vs. measured maximal heart rate in young team sport athletes.","volume":"55","author":"Nikolaidis PT","year":"2014","journal-title":"Niger Med J."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-972803","article-title":"Plasma norepinephrine responses to cycle exercise in boys and men.","volume":"17","author":"Rowland TW","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med."},{"key":"ref40","first-page":"251","article-title":"Comparison of the cardiorespiratory variables of obese and non-obese adolescents on treadmill and ergometric bicycle.","volume":"15","author":"Milano GE","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev Bras Med Esporte."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.3390\/sports7010026","article-title":"Do obese children achieve maximal heart rate during treadmill running?","volume":"7","author":"Berntsen S","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sports (Basel)"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.184461","article-title":"Assessment of functional capacity in clinical and research settings: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Committee on Exercise, Rehabilitation, and Prevention of the Council on Clinical Cardiology and the Council on Cardiovascular Nursing","volume":"116","author":"Arena R","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref43","first-page":"213","article-title":"The influence of intrinsic motivation on an endurance field test.","volume":"45","author":"Tsigilis N","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Sports Med Phys Fitness"},{"key":"ref44","first-page":"170e","article-title":"Peak heart rate responses in maximum laboratory and field tests.","volume":"11","author":"Santos A","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rev Bras Med Esporte"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2009.00975.x","article-title":"Metabolic responses to submaximal treadmill walking and cycle ergometer pedalling in obese adolescents.","volume":"20","author":"Lafortuna CL","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sport"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/s003940070019","article-title":"Longitudinal changes in body composition, physical capacities and energy expenditure in boys and girls during the onset of puberty.","volume":"39","author":"Bitar A","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr."},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2017.0460","article-title":"Tri-ponderal mass index vs body mass index in estimating body fat during adolescence.","volume":"171","author":"Peterson CM","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/s004210170005","article-title":"Influence of body mass on maximal oxygen uptake: effect of sample size.","volume":"84","author":"Jensen K","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol."},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2013-0165","article-title":"Scale model on performance prediction in recreational and elite endurance runners.","volume":"9","author":"Tartaruga MP","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform."},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.11.2.193","article-title":"Assessing heterogeneity in meta-analysis: Q statistic or I2 Index?","volume":"11","author":"Huedo-Medina TB","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychol Methods"}],"container-title":["Revista Paulista de Pediatria"],"original-title":["Equa\u00e7\u00f5es preditivas da frequ\u00eancia card\u00edaca m\u00e1xima em crian\u00e7as e adolescentes obesos e n\u00e3o obesos: uma revis\u00e3o sistem\u00e1tica e metan\u00e1lise"],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&pid=S0103-05822023000100513&tlng=en","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]],"date-time":"2024-10-15T21:11:56Z","timestamp":1729026716000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-05822023000100513&tlng=en"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["S0103-05822023000100513"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/1984-0462\/2023\/41\/2021397","relation":{},"ISSN":["1984-0462","0103-0582"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1984-0462"},{"type":"print","value":"0103-0582"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"article-number":"e2021397"}}