{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T07:37:17Z","timestamp":1769585837460,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"CAPES","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"CAPES","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-032257"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-032257"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"FCT","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"name":"FCT","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-032257"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-032257"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Microw. Optoelectron. Electromagn. Appl."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract In our study, we conducted a thorough analysis of the spectral characteristics of a D-shaped surface plasmon resonance (SPR) photonic crystal fiber (PCF) refractive index sensor, incorporating a full width at half maximum (FWHM) analysis. We explored four distinct plasmonic materials-silver (Ag), gold (Au), Ga-doped zinc oxide (GZO), and an Ag-nanowire metamaterial-to understand their impact on sensor performance. Our investigation encompassed a comprehensive theoretical modeling and analysis, aiming to unravel the intricate relationship between material composition, sensor geometry, and spectral response. By scrutinizing the sensing properties offered by each material, we laid the groundwork for designing multiplasmonic resonance sensors. Our findings provide valuable insights into how different materials can be harnessed to tailor SPR sensing platforms for diverse applications and environmental conditions, fostering the development of advanced and adaptable detection systems. This research not only advances our understanding of the fundamental principles governing SPR sensor performance but also underscores the potential for leveraging varied plasmonic materials to engineer bespoke sensing solutions optimized for specific requirements and performance metrics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/2179-10742025v24i1288716","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]],"date-time":"2025-02-11T16:32:49Z","timestamp":1739291569000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Analysis of a D-Shaped Photonic Crystal Fiber Sensor with Multiple Conducting Layers"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8728-7224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda F.","family":"Romeiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Par\u00e1,  Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0688-8093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markos P.","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Par\u00e1,  Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4840-0932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caua C.","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Par\u00e1,  Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2103-4213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anderson O.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Center for Technological Education Celso Suckow da Fonseca,  Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4482-6886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o C. W. A.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Par\u00e1,  Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8066-6395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Thereza R.","family":"Giraldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Military Institute of Engineering,  Brazil"}]},{"given":"Jose L.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INESC TEC,  Portugal; University of Porto,  Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jose M.","family":"Baptista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INESC TEC,  Portugal; University of Madeira,  Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ariel","family":"Guerreiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INESC TEC,  Portugal; University of Porto,  Portugal"}]}],"member":"530","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21693","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.20.021693","article-title":"\"Tapered optical fiber sensor based on localized surface plasmon resonance,\"","volume":"20","author":"Lin H.-Y.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Optics Express"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"1","article-title":"\"A selectively coated photonic crystal fiber-based surface plasmon resonance sensor,\"","volume":"12","author":"Yu X.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Optics"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2016.11.113","article-title":"\"Photonic crystal fiber based plasmonic sensors,\"","volume":"243","author":"Rifat A.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.3390\/photonics8060181","article-title":"\"Second-order dispersion sensor based on multi-plasmonic surface resonances in D-shaped photonic crystal fibers,\"","volume":"8","author":"Cardoso M. P.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Photonics"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.43.000891","article-title":"\"Highly sensitive selectively coated photonic crystal fiber based plasmonic sensor,\"","volume":"48","author":"Rifat A.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Optics Letters"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"071113","article-title":"\"Fiber optic sensors based on SPR for medical applications,\"","volume":"21","author":"Gupta B. D.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Biomedical Optics"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"3894","article-title":"\"Application of SPR sensors in industrial process control,\"","volume":"67","author":"Li Y.","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"1802","article-title":"\"Optical fiber-based SPR sensors for fault detection in electrical grids,\"","volume":"19","author":"Das R.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1109\/MIM.2021.9491008","article-title":"\"Multiplasmonic resonance based sensor for the characterization of optical dispersion using a D-shaped photonic crystal fiber,\"","volume":"24","author":"Cardoso M. P.","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Magazine"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2153","DOI":"10.3390\/app12042153","article-title":"\"Tunable plasmonic resonance sensor using a metamaterial film in a D-shaped photonic crystal fiber for refractive index measurements,\"","volume":"12","author":"Cardoso M. P.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Applied Sciences"},{"key":"ref11"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1021\/cr068107d","article-title":"\"Surface plasmon resonance sensors for detection of chemical and biological species,\"","volume":"2","author":"Homola J.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chemical Reviews"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.6.4370","article-title":"\"Optical constants of the noble metals,\"","volume":"6","author":"Johnson P. B.","year":"1972","journal-title":"Physical Review B"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"186","article-title":"\"A comparison of sensitivity and resolution in surface plasmon resonance sensors using different metallic films,\"","volume":"173","author":"Gao Y.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Introduction to modern physics: Theoretical foundations","first-page":"95","volume":"1","author":"Walecka J. D.","year":"1964"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1007\/s11468-023-01829-6","article-title":"\"Dual peak double resonance sensing using a dual plasmonic material PCF-SPR sensor,\"","volume":"18","author":"Islam M. 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R.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"6731","article-title":"\"Plasmonic nanostructures for surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensing,\"","volume":"10","author":"Zhao Y.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sensors"}],"container-title":["Journal of Microwaves, Optoelectronics and Electromagnetic Applications"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&pid=S2179-10742025000100205&tlng=en","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]],"date-time":"2025-02-11T16:33:03Z","timestamp":1739291583000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2179-10742025000100205&tlng=en"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"alternative-id":["S2179-10742025000100205"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/2179-10742025v24i1288716","relation":{},"ISSN":["2179-1074"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2179-1074","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"article-number":"e2025288716"}}