{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T12:58:57Z","timestamp":1776776337701,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trends Psychiatry Psychother."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>INTRODUCTION: Cognitive reserve (CR), a hypothetical construct used to obtain information about cognitive aging, describes the capacity of the adult brain to cope with the effects of neurodegenerative processes. This study evaluated CR using a CR questionnaire (CRQ) and a set of variables (education, leisure activities, lifelong occupation) that inform CR. It also developed a CR index, validated the CRQ, and examined the correlation between the different CR measures.METHODS: Functional and neuropsychological capacities of 75 outpatients (mean age: 80.2 years) with a probable AD diagnosis were evaluated. Socio-demographic data and clinical variables were collected. Patients completed two questionnaires: the Participation in Leisure Activities throughout Life questionnaire, and the CRQ.RESULTS: Participants with a greater CR had higher scores in cognitive tests than the elderly with a lower CR. A CR index was developed. CRQ reliability was 0.795 (Cronbach's alpha). There was a close association between the CR Index and the CRQ.CONCLUSIONS: This study found an association between CR measures and education, occupation and participation in leisure activities. The CRQ seems to be a suitable instrument to measure CR in Portuguese populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/2237-6089-2014-0012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,4]],"date-time":"2014-10-04T15:03:40Z","timestamp":1412435020000},"page":"160-168","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Measures of cognitive reserve in Alzheimer's disease"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Margarida","family":"Sobral","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade do Porto,  Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria Helena","family":"Pestana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa,  Portugal"}]},{"given":"Constan\u00e7a","family":"Pa\u00fal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade do Porto,  Portugal"}]}],"member":"530","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2005.04.003","article-title":"Prevalence of dementia in 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