{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T19:38:14Z","timestamp":1772825894827,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["RBRH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>ABSTRACT In this study a long-term field experiment evaluating evapotranspiration rates from irrigated and non-irrigated green roof modules, as well their impacts on stormwater control was accomplished. Six green roof modules (3 irrigated and 3 non-irrigated) vegetated with S. rupestre were monitored throughout 8 months in southern Brazil. Four non-vegetated modules (2 irrigated and 2 non-irrigated) were simultaneously assessed to understand the role of the vegetation in the whole process. The average evapotranspiration under water-stress (ETr) was 2.6 mm.day-1, while mean evapotranspiration under water-abundance (ETp) was 2.8 mm.day-1. Higher evapotranspiration rates were observed during summer, increasing the substrate storage capacity, although ETr amount along the seasons was very similar, mainly affected by climatic conditions. The long-term analysis showed that 47% of the total rainfall was converted into runoff, 21% was retained in the green roof modules and 32% was released through evapotranspiration, reinforcing the importance of vegetation as a mechanism for improving stormwater control benefits. The results of this research also allowed the establishment of a crop coefficient (Kc) time series, with a monthly average of 0.9 which permits the S. rupestre evapotranspiration to be preliminarily estimated by using equations developed for reference culture without the need of monitoring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/2318-0331.262120210089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T12:16:03Z","timestamp":1635768963000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Green roof evapotranspiration rates and stormwater control under subtropical climate: a case study in Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1600-2786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathana Karina Swarowski","family":"Arboit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Estadual de Prote\u00e7\u00e3o Ambiental,  Brasil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8315-5686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rutineia","family":"Tassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Santa Maria,  Brasil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1229-6411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiago","family":"Liberalesso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Lisbon,  Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1551-0762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denise Ester","family":"Ceconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Santa Maria,  Brasil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4519-8404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel Gustavo Allasia","family":"Piccili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Santa Maria,  Brasil"}]}],"member":"530","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Evapotranspiration: an overview","volume-title":"Evapotranspiration of Succulent Plant (Sedum aizoonvar.floibundum)","author":"Al-Busaidi A.","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Crop evapotranspiration - Guidelines for computing crop water requirements- FAO Irrigation and drainage paper 56","author":"Allen R. G.","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Anatomia vegetal","author":"Appezzato-da-Gl\u00f3ria B.","year":"2006","edition":"2."},{"issue":"9","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2011.03.006","article-title":"An investigation of sensible heat fluxes at a green roof in a laboratory setup","volume":"46","author":"Ayata T.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Building and Environment"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2018.02.021","article-title":"Performance evaluation of five Mediterranean species to optimize ecosystem services of green roofs under water-limited conditions","volume":"212","author":"Aze\u00f1as V.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Management"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Telhado verde e sua contribui\u00e7\u00e3o na redu\u00e7\u00e3o da vaz\u00e3o da \u00e1gua pluvial escoada","author":"Baldessar S. M.","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Quantifying evaporation and transpirational water losses from green roofs and green roof media capacity for neutralizing acid rain","author":"Berghage R.","year":"2007"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2009.12.014","article-title":"Green roof performance towards management of runoff water quantity and quality: a review","volume":"36","author":"Berndtsson J. C.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ecological Engineering"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2014.01.036","article-title":"Moisture content behaviour in extensive green roofs during dry periods: the influence of vegetation and substrate characteristics","volume":"511","author":"Berretta C.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam)"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2015.04.026","article-title":"Plant cover and floristic composition effect on thermal behaviour of extensive green roofs","volume":"92","author":"Bevilacqua P.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Building and Environment"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1080\/15435075.2016.1278375","article-title":"Evaluating the impact of green roof evapotranspiration on annual building energy performance","volume":"14","author":"Boafo F. E.","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Green Energy"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2017.02.025","article-title":"Wet season hydrological performance of green roofs using native species under Mediterranean climate","volume":"102","author":"Brand\u00e3o C.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecological Engineering"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-06832008000100007","article-title":"Crit\u00e9rios para determina\u00e7\u00e3o da capacidade de vaso","volume":"32","author":"Casaroli D.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Revista Brasileira de Ci\u00eancia do Solo"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3020","DOI":"10.3390\/su11113020","article-title":"Green roof design: state of the art on technology and materials","volume":"11","author":"Cascone S.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2018.10.024","article-title":"The evapotranspiration process in green roofs: a review","volume":"147","author":"Cascone S.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Building and Environment"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"Uso de pavimentos perme\u00e1veis e coberturas verdes no controle quali-quantitativo do escoamento superficial urbano","author":"Castro A. S.","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2013.08.021","article-title":"Assessing practical measures to reduce urban heat: green and cool roofs","volume":"70","author":"Coutts A. M.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Building and Environment"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icheatmasstransfer.2012.03.024","article-title":"Development and validation of a coupled heat and mass transfer model for green roofs","volume":"39","author":"Djedjig R.","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"Guidelines on the calibration of non-automatic weighing instruments. Vers\u00e3o 3.0","year":"2011"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/s11252-008-0052-0","article-title":"Media depth influences Sedum green roof establishment","volume":"11","author":"Getter K. L.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Urban Ecosystems"},{"key":"ref21","series-title":"Normais climatol\u00f3gicas","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"Portaria INMETRO n\u00ba 236 de 22 de dezembro de 1994. Aprova\u00e7\u00e3o do Regulamento T\u00e9cnico referente \u00e0 fabrica\u00e7\u00e3o, instala\u00e7\u00e3o e utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de instrumentos de pesagem n\u00e3o autom\u00e1ticos","year":"1994","journal-title":"Di\u00e1rio Oficial [da] Rep\u00fablica Federativa do Brasil"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2010.12.013","article-title":"Biophysical properties and thermal performance of an intensive green roof","volume":"46","author":"Jim C. Y.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Building and Environment"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.3390\/buildings9070173","article-title":"Increasing evapotranspiration on extensive green roofs by changing substrate depths, construction, and additional irrigation","volume":"9","author":"Kaiser D.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Buildings"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2005.02.001","article-title":"Experimental measurements and numerical modelling of a green roof","volume":"37","author":"Lazzarin R. M.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Energy and Building"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3628","DOI":"10.1002\/ldr.3102","article-title":"Green roofs: effects of plant species used on runoff","volume":"29","author":"Li X.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Land Degradation & Development"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2013.770","article-title":"Green roof hydrologic performance and modeling: a review","volume":"69","author":"Li Y.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Water Science and Technology"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.128133","article-title":"Effect of rice husk addition on the physicochemical and hydrological properties on green roof substrates under subtropical climate conditions","volume":"315","author":"Liberalesso T.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Cleaner Production"},{"key":"ref29","series-title":"Modelagem de telhado verde: uma an\u00e1lise da efici\u00eancia no controle do escoamento pluvial em diferentes escalas","author":"Lorenzini Neto F.","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2015.09.001","article-title":"Evaluation of common evapotranspiration models based on measurements from two extensive green roofs in New York City","volume":"84","author":"Marasco D. E.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ecological Engineering"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2005.02.010","article-title":"Green roofs as a tool for solving the rainwater runoff problem in the urbanized 21st century?","volume":"77","author":"Mentens J.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Landscape and Urban Planning"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.21273\/HORTSCI.40.2.391","article-title":"Establishment and persistence of Sedum spp. and native taxa for green roof applications","volume":"40","author":"Monterusso M. A.","year":"2005","journal-title":"HortScience"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.5194\/hess-11-1633-2007","article-title":"Updated world map of the Koppen-Geiger climate classification","volume":"11","author":"Peel M. C.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hydrology and Earth System Sciences"},{"key":"ref34","series-title":"Qualidade e quantidade de \u00e1guas pluviais escoadas a partir de telhados verdes extensivos em Santa Maria-RS","author":"Pessoa J. O.","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2015.02.002","article-title":"Parameters influencing the regeneration of a green roof\u2019s retention capacity via evapotranspiration","volume":"523","author":"Po\u00eb S.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam)"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.21273\/HORTTECH.16.3.0471","article-title":"Assessment of heat-expanded slate and fertility requirements in green roof substrates","volume":"16","author":"Rowe D. B.","year":"2006","journal-title":"HortTechnology"},{"key":"ref37","series-title":"Sistema Brasileiro de Classifica\u00e7\u00e3o de Solos","author":"Santos H. D.","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref38","first-page":"3629","author":"Schneider D.","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref39","series-title":"Evapotranspiration from extensive green roofs: influence of calimatological conditions, vegetation type, and substrate depth","author":"Sia M. E.","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref40","series-title":"Stormwater management performance of green roofs","author":"Sims A. W.","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2016.08.055","article-title":"Retention performance of green roofs in three different climate regions","volume":"542","author":"Sims A. W.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam)"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2017.01.031","article-title":"Runoff reduction from extensive green roofs having different substrate depth and plant cover","volume":"102","author":"Soulis K. X.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecological Engineering"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0001443","article-title":"Parameterizing a water-balance model for predicting stormwater runoff from green roofs","volume":"21","author":"Starry O.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Hydrologic Engineering"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2015.09.076","article-title":"The influence of substrate and vegetation configuration on green roof hydrological performance","volume":"85","author":"Stovin V.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ecological Engineering"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2011.10.022","article-title":"The hydrological performance of a green roof test bed under UK climatic conditions","volume":"414-415","author":"Stovin V.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam)"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2011.07.019","article-title":"A heat transfer model for assessment of plant based roo fi ng systems in summer conditions","volume":"49","author":"Tabares-Velasco P. C.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Building and Environment"},{"key":"ref47","series-title":"Fisiologia vegetal","author":"Taiz L.","year":"2004","edition":"3."},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2017.01.011","article-title":"Impact of soil and water retention characteristics on green roof thermal performance","volume":"152","author":"Tan L. C.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Energy and Building"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1590\/S1678-86212014000100012","article-title":"Telhado verde: uma alternativa sustent\u00e1vel para a gest\u00e3o das \u00e1guas pluviais","volume":"14","author":"Tassi R.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ambiente Constru\u00eddo"},{"key":"ref50","series-title":"In-house calibration and use of weighing machines","year":"2015","edition":"5th"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.21273\/HORTSCI.40.3.659","article-title":"Watering regime and green roof substrate design affect Sedum plant growth","volume":"40","author":"VanWoert N. D.","year":"2005","journal-title":"HortScience"},{"key":"ref52","series-title":"Quantifying the complete hydrologic budget for an extensive living roof","author":"Voyde E. A.","year":"2011"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000141","article-title":"Quantifying evapotranspiration rates for New Zealand green roofs","volume":"15","author":"Voyde E.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Hydrologic Engineering"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2015.08.017","article-title":"The capacity of greening roof to reduce stormwater runoff and pollution","volume":"144","author":"Zhang Q.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Landscape and Urban Planning"}],"container-title":["RBRH"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/pdf\/rbrh\/v26\/2318-0331-rbrh-26-e32.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T12:16:43Z","timestamp":1635769003000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2318-03312021000100231&tlng=en"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"references-count":54,"alternative-id":["S2318-03312021000100231"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/2318-0331.262120210089","relation":{},"ISSN":["2318-0331","1414-381X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2318-0331","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1414-381X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"article-number":"e32"}}