{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T03:41:42Z","timestamp":1777434102536,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>INTRODUCTION: The biological diversity of circulating Trypanosoma cruzi stocks in the Amazon region most likely plays an important role in the peculiar clinic-epidemiological features of Chagas disease in this area. METHODS: Seven stocks of T. cruzi were recently isolated in the State of Amazonas, Brazil, from humans, wild mammals, and triatomines. They belonged to the TcI and Z3 genotypes and were biologically characterized in Swiss mice. Parasitological and histopathological parameters were determined. RESULTS: Four stocks did not promote patent parasitemia in mice. Three stocks produced low parasitemia, long pre-patent periods, and a patent period of 1 day or oscillating parasitemia. Maximum parasitemia ranged from 1,400 to 2,800 trypomastigotes\/0.1mL blood. Mice inoculated with the T. cruzi stocks studied showed low positivity during fresh blood examinations, ranging from 0% to 28.6%. In hemoculture, positivity ranged from 0% to 100%. Heart tissue parasitism was observed in mice inoculated with stocks AM49 and AM61. Stock AM49 triggered a moderate inflammatory process in heart tissue. A mild inflammatory process was observed in heart tissue for stocks AM28, AM38, AM61, and AM69. An inflammatory process was frequently observed in skeletal muscle. Examinations of brain tissue revealed inflammatory foci and gliosis in mice inoculated with stock AM49. CONCLUSIONS: Biological and histopathological characterization allowed us to demonstrate the low infectivity and virulence of T. cruzi stocks isolated from the State of Amazonas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/s0037-86822012000200014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,25]],"date-time":"2012-04-25T09:15:57Z","timestamp":1335345357000},"page":"209-214","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Biological behavior of Trypanosoma cruzi stocks obtained from the state of Amazonas, Western Brazilian Amazon, in mice"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Wuelton Marcelo","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade do Estado do Amazonas; Universidade Federal do Amazonas"}]},{"given":"Laylah Kelre Costa","family":"Magalh\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade do Estado do Amazonas"}]},{"given":"Josu\u00e9 Costa","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade do Estado do Amazonas"}]},{"given":"Jorge Augusto de Oliveira","family":"Guerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade do Estado do Amazonas"}]},{"given":"Henrique","family":"Silveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade do Estado do Amazonas; Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Luiz Carlos de Lima","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade do Estado do Amazonas; Universidade Federal do Amazonas"}]},{"given":"Max Jean de Ornelas","family":"Toledo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Estadual de Maring\u00e1"}]},{"given":"Maria das Gra\u00e7as Vale","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade do Estado do Amazonas"}]}],"member":"530","reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"26","article-title":"Morbidity and regional variation of Chagas disease in Brazil","volume":"94","author":"Coura JR","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0074-0276","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762004000100001","article-title":"Trypanosoma cruzi: genetic structure of populations and relevance of genetic variability to the pathogenesis of Chagas disease","volume":"99","author":"Macedo AM","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0074-0276","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86821997000100006","article-title":"Biodemes and zymodemes of Trypanosoma cruzi strains: correlations with clinical data and experimental pathology","volume":"30","author":"Andrade SG","year":"1997","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0037-8682","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Casos de Doen\u00e7a de Chagas Aguda: 2005 a 2010, Brasil"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"170","article-title":"Morbidity of Chagas disease among autochthonous patients from the Rio Negro microregion, State of Amazonas","volume":"43","author":"Brum-Soares LM","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0037-8682","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652002000300009","article-title":"Chagas disease in the Brazilian Amazon: IV. A new cross-sectional study","volume":"44","author":"Coura JR","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop S\u00e3o Paulo","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0036-4665","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761999000700074","article-title":"Chagas disease: from bush to huts and houses. Is it the case of the Brazilian Amazon?","volume":"94","author":"Coura JR","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0074-0276","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(77)90012-8","article-title":"The identification by isoenzyme patterns if two distinct strain-groups of Trypanosoma cruzi, circulating independently in a rural area of Brazil","volume":"71","author":"Miles MA","year":"1977","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0035-9203","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(01)90350-5","article-title":"A mini-exon multiplex polymerase chain reaction to distinguish the major groups of Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma rangeli in the Brazilian Amazon","volume":"95","author":"Fernandes O","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0035-9203","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"389","article-title":"Therapeutic activity and criterion of cure on mice experimentally infected with Trypanosoma cruzi","volume":"4","author":"Brener Z","year":"1962","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop S\u00e3o Paulo","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0036-4665","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4894(02)00003-6","article-title":"Impact of Trypanosoma cruzi clonal evolution on its biological properties in mice","volume":"100","author":"Toledo MJO","year":"2002","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0014-4894","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Princ\u00edpios \u00c9ticos na Experimenta\u00e7\u00e3o Animal","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1590\/1809-43921977073438","article-title":"Mol\u00e9stia de Chagas na Amaz\u00f4nia: Ocorr\u00eancia de seis casos suspeitos, sorologicamente positivos","volume":"7","author":"Ferraroni JJ","year":"1977","journal-title":"Acta Amaz","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0044-5967","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86821997000100006","article-title":"Biodemes and zymodemes of Trypanosoma cruzi strains: correlations with clinical data and experimental pathology","volume":"30","author":"Andrade SG","year":"1997","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0037-8682","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"39","article-title":"Morphological and behavioural characterization of Trypanosoma cruzi strains","volume":"18","author":"Andrade SG","year":"1985","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0037-8682","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-005-0122-7","article-title":"Infectivity for mice of Trypanosoma cruzi I and II strains isolated from different hosts","volume":"99","author":"B\u00e9rtoli M","year":"2006","journal-title":"Parasitol Res","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0044-3255","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822002000400008","article-title":"Biodemas de cepas de Trypanosoma cruzi isoladas de humanos de tr\u00eas \u00e1reas end\u00eamicas de Minas Gerais","volume":"35","author":"Devera R","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0037-8682","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86821993000100006","article-title":"Trypanosoma cruzi and experimental Chagas' disease: characterization of a stock isolated from a patient with associated digestive and cardiac form","volume":"26","author":"Oliveira EC","year":"1993","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0037-8682","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762007005000098","article-title":"Chagas disease in the Amazon Region","volume":"102","author":"Aguilar HM","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0074-0276","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1994.tb07318.x","article-title":"High correlation between Chagas' disease serology and PCR-based detection of Trypanosoma cruzi kinetoplast DNA in Bolivian children living in an endemic area","volume":"124","author":"Wincker P","year":"1994","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0378-1097","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1994.51.771","article-title":"Use of a simplified polymerase chain reaction procedure to detect Trypanosoma cruzi in blood samples patients in a rural endemic area","volume":"71","author":"Wincker P","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0002-9637","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822010000200021","article-title":"S\u00e9rie de casos agudos de doen\u00e7a de Chagas atendidos num servi\u00e7o terci\u00e1rio de Manaus, Amazonas, de 1980 a 2006","volume":"43","author":"Monteiro WM","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0037-8682","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822008000600011","article-title":"Fase aguda da doen\u00e7a de Chagas na Amaz\u00f4nia brasileira: Estudo de 233 casos do Par\u00e1, Amap\u00e1 e Maranh\u00e3o observados entre 1988 e 2005","volume":"41","author":"Pinto AYN","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0037-8682","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5273(97)02952-5","article-title":"Cardiac involvement is a constant finding in acute Chagas' disease: a clinical, parasitological and histopathological study","volume":"60","author":"Parada H","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0167-5273","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.09-0663","article-title":"Infectivity, pathogenicity, and virulence of Trypanosoma cruzi isolates from sylvatic animals and vectors, and domestic dogs from the United States in ICR Strain Mice and SD Strain Rats","volume":"83","author":"Roellig DM","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0002-9637","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2006.12.005","article-title":"Trypanosoma cruzi (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae): biological heterogeneity in the isolates derived from wild hosts","volume":"116","author":"Lisboa CV","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0014-4894","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2005.10.006","article-title":"Trypanosoma cruzi: Sensitivity of the polymerase chain reaction for detecting the parasite in the blood of mice infected with different clonal genotypes","volume":"112","author":"Miyamoto CT","year":"2006","journal-title":"Exp Parasitology"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822003000300013","article-title":"Miocardiopatia dilatada em pacientes com infec\u00e7\u00e3o chag\u00e1sica cr\u00f4nica: Relato de dois casos fatais aut\u00f3ctones do Rio Negro, Estado do Amazonas","volume":"36","author":"Albajar PV","year":"2003","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0037-8682","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822009000400024","article-title":"Ventricular aneurysm in a chronic Chagas disease patient from the Brazilian Amazona region","volume":"42","author":"Ferreira JMB","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0037-8682","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"e147","article-title":"Cardiac Involvement in Acute Chagas' Disease Cases in the Amazon Region","volume":"94","author":"Ferreira JMB","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arq Bras Cardiol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0066-782X","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"e107","article-title":"Chronic Chagasic Cardiopathy in Amazon Region: an Etiology to Remember","volume":"93","author":"Ferreira JMB","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arq Bras Cardiol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0066-782X","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822010000600034","article-title":"Acidente vascular encef\u00e1lico isqu\u00eamico em paciente chag\u00e1sico cr\u00f4nico aut\u00f3ctone da Amaz\u00f4nia Brasileira","volume":"43","author":"Ferreira JMB","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0037-8682","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822006000200015","article-title":"Cardiopatia chag\u00e1sica cr\u00f4nica no Rio Negro, Estado do Amazonas: Relato de tr\u00eas novos casos aut\u00f3ctones, comprovados por exames sorol\u00f3gicos, cl\u00ednicos, radiogr\u00e1ficos do t\u00f3rax, eletro e ecocardiogr\u00e1ficos","volume":"39","author":"Xavier SS","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0037-8682","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(81)92518-6","article-title":"Do radically dissimilar Trypanosoma cruzi strains (zymodemes) cause Venezuelan and Brazilian forms of Chagas disease?","volume":"1","author":"Miles MA","year":"1981","journal-title":"Lancet","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0099-5355","issn-type":"print"}],"container-title":["Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/pdf\/rsbmt\/v45n2\/v45n2a14.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,27]],"date-time":"2019-06-27T22:31:47Z","timestamp":1561674707000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0037-86822012000200014&lng=en&tlng=en"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0037-86822012000200014"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/s0037-86822012000200014","relation":{},"ISSN":["0037-8682"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0037-8682","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]}}}