{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,2]],"date-time":"2022-04-02T12:33:12Z","timestamp":1648902792623},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","issue":"93","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ensaio: aval.pol.p\u00fabl.Educ."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract For decades, education has been viewed as an instrument for social mobility and also as a tool for economic growth and social development. Over the recent years, we have witnessed an output movement of highly qualified graduates, from peripheral southern Europe to the more developed countries of the EU and OECD. In this article, we analyse the reality of four countries: Portugal, Spain, Greece and Italy. In order to examine the socio-economic impact of this brain drain, it will be introduced an estimation using OECD statistics (2014) of the public and private costs to educate a student from primary schooling through a higher education degree. In spite of the differences among these countries\u2019 experiences, there is no doubt that these countries \u201coffered\u201d high qualified workers for free or at a zero cost basis to the \u201cimporting\u201d countries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/s0104-40362016000400001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,19]],"date-time":"2016-10-19T16:52:44Z","timestamp":1476895964000},"page":"777-803","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Transfer investment on education on a free cost basis: some evidence from Portugal, Spain, Greece and Italy"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Luisa","family":"Cerdeira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Lisboa,  Portugal"}]},{"given":"Belmiro","family":"Cabrito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Lisboa,  Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria Lourdes","family":"Machado-Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research in Higher Education Policies,  Portugal"}]},{"given":"Tom\u00e1s","family":"Patroc\u00ednio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Lisboa,  Portugal"}]}],"member":"530","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"The state of higher education 2013","first-page":"103","volume-title":"The world is not flat: the brain drain and higher education in the 21st century","author":"ALTBACH P. 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What else happens or should happen to the brains some aspects of qualified person mobility\/migration","author":"BREINBAUER A.","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"O financiamento do ensino superior: condi\u00e7\u00e3o social e despesas de educa\u00e7\u00e3o dos estudantes universit\u00e1rios em Portugal","author":"CABRITO B.","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"The age of migration: international population movements in the modern world","author":"CASTLES S.","year":"2003","edition":"3"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"O financiamento do ensino superior portugu\u00eas: a partilha de custos","author":"CERDEIRA L.","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Custos de educa\u00e7\u00e3o dos estudantes do ensino superior","author":"CERDEIRA L.","year":"2014"},{"issue":"88","key":"ref12","first-page":"960","article-title":"Ensino superior: o momento cr\u00edtico","volume":"25","author":"CHARLE C.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Educa\u00e7\u00e3o e Sociedade"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-2435.00204","article-title":"Return migration by German guest workers: neoclassical versus new economic theories","volume":"40","author":"CONSTANT A.","year":"2002","journal-title":"International Migration"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1093\/wber\/lhm008","article-title":"Brain drain in developing countries","volume":"2","author":"DOCQUIER F.","year":"2007","journal-title":"World Bank Economic Review"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"The mobility of academic researchers: academic careers & recruitment in ICT and biotechnology","author":"DUCATEL K.","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"Quel avenir pour la recherche?","author":"DUCLERT V.","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"Erasmus: facts, figures & trends: the European Union support for student and staff exchanges and university cooperation in 2013-2014","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"National accounts","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"Fuga de c\u00e9rebros: retratos da emigra\u00e7\u00e3o qualificada portuguesa","author":"GOMES R. M.","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"Migration and development: blind fact and hand-to-find facts","author":"HAMILTON K.","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref21","series-title":"The effect of occupation-specific brain drain on human capital","author":"HEUER N.","year":"2011"},{"issue":"88","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1590\/S0101-73302004000300014","article-title":"Tend\u00eancias das reformas da educa\u00e7\u00e3o superior na Europa no contexto do processo de Bolonha","volume":"25","author":"HORTALE V. 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