{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T11:01:03Z","timestamp":1758970863550},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","issue":"0","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rev. Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>ABSTRACT  OBJECTIVE  To describe different approaches to promote adverse drug reaction reporting among health care professionals, determining their cost-effectiveness.  METHODS  We analyzed and compared several approaches taken by the Northern Pharmacovigilance Centre (Portugal) to promote adverse drug reaction reporting. Approaches were compared regarding the number and relevance of adverse drug reaction reports obtained and costs involved. Costs by report were estimated by adding the initial costs and the running costs of each intervention. These costs were divided by the number of reports obtained with each intervention, to assess its cost-effectiveness.  RESULTS  All the approaches seem to have increased the number of adverse drug reaction reports. We noted the biggest increase with protocols (321 reports, costing 1.96 \u20ac each), followed by first educational approach (265 reports, 20.31 \u20ac\/report) and by the hyperlink approach (136 reports, 15.59 \u20ac\/report). Regarding the severity of adverse drug reactions, protocols were the most efficient approach, costing 2.29 \u20ac\/report, followed by hyperlinks (30.28 \u20ac\/report, having no running costs). Concerning unexpected adverse drug reactions, the best result was obtained with protocols (5.12 \u20ac\/report), followed by first educational approach (38.79 \u20ac\/report).  CONCLUSIONS  We recommend implementing protocols in other pharmacovigilance centers. They seem to be the most efficient intervention, allowing receiving adverse drug reactions reports at lower costs. The increase applied not only to the total number of reports, but also to the severity, unexpectedness and high degree of causality attributed to the adverse drug reactions. Still, hyperlinks have the advantage of not involving running costs, showing the second best performance in cost per adverse drug reactions report.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/s1518-8787.2016050006122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,30]],"date-time":"2016-04-30T19:06:22Z","timestamp":1462043182000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Promoting adverse drug reaction reporting: comparison of different approaches"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Ribeiro-Vaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade do Porto,  Portugal; Universidade do Porto,  Portugal"}]},{"given":"Cristina Costa","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade do Porto,  Portugal; Universidade do Porto,  Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Cruz-Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade do Porto,  Portugal; Universidade do Porto,  Portugal"}]}],"member":"530","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.2515\/therapie\/2014035","article-title":"Online reporting of adverse drug reactions: a study from a French regional pharmacovigilance center","volume":"69","author":"Abadie D","year":"2014","journal-title":"Therapie"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-012-1321-7","article-title":"Underreporting in pharmacovigilance: an intervention for Italian GPs (Emilia-Romagna region)","volume":"69","author":"Biagi C","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1007\/s002280000260","article-title":"Analysis of the direct cost of adverse drug reactions in hospitalised patients","volume":"56","author":"Bordet R","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.296.9.1086","article-title":"An educational intervention to improve physician reporting of adverse drug reactions: a cluster-randomized controlled trial","volume":"296","author":"Figueiras A","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.4.3.319","article-title":"The cost of adverse drug reactions","volume":"4","author":"Gautier S","year":"2003","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref6","first-page":"825","article-title":"Physicians\u2019 attitudes and adverse drug reaction reporting: a case-control study in Portugal","volume":"28","author":"Herdeiro MT","year":"2005","journal-title":"Drug Saf"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref7","first-page":"331","article-title":"Influence of pharmacists\u2019 attitudes on adverse drug reaction reporting: a case-control study in Portugal","volume":"29","author":"Herdeiro MT","year":"2006","journal-title":"Drug Saf"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200831040-00007","article-title":"Improving the reporting of adverse drug reactions: a cluster-randomized trial among pharmacists in portugal","volume":"31","author":"Herdeiro MT","year":"2008","journal-title":"Drug Saf"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03261962","article-title":"Workshop- and telephone-based interventions to improve adverse drug reaction reporting: a cluster-randomized trial in Portugal","volume":"35","author":"Herdeiro MT","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drug Saf"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref10","first-page":"231","article-title":"Could we improve notification of adverse drugs reactions in hospital? Assessment of 5 years of network PharmacoMIP\u2019s activities","volume":"67","author":"Jacquot JGM","year":"2002","journal-title":"Th\u00e9rapie"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-008-0603-6","article-title":"Effects of e-mails containing ADR information and a current case report on ADR reporting rate and quality of reports","volume":"65","author":"Johansson ML","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2011-000367","article-title":"Improvement of knowledge, attitude and perception of healthcare workers about ADR, a pre- and post-clinical pharmacists\u2019 interventional study","volume":"2","author":"Khalili H","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1136\/ejhpharm-2012-000171","article-title":"Introducing an adverse drug event manager","volume":"20","author":"Lander AR","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Hosp Pharm Sci Pract"},{"issue":"17","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2215","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.17.2215","article-title":"Timing of new black box warnings and withdrawals for prescription medications","volume":"287","author":"Lasser K","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2125.1997.00616.x","article-title":"Reporting of adverse drug reactions by hospital doctors and the response to intervention","volume":"44","author":"McGettigan P","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1017\/S0266462313000457","article-title":"Impact of educational interventions on adverse drug events reporting","volume":"29","author":"Pagotto C","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Technol Assess Health Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1590\/S0034-89102010005000050","article-title":"Estrat\u00e9gias para aumentar a sensibilidade da farmacovigil\u00e2ncia em Portugal","volume":"45","author":"Ribeiro-Vaz I","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev Saude Publica"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.2165\/11597190-000000000-00000","article-title":"Promoting spontaneous adverse drug reaction reporting in hospitals using a hyperlink to the online reporting form: an ecological study in Portugal","volume":"35","author":"Ribeiro-Vaz I","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drug Saf"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1996.tb00004.x","article-title":"Adverse drug reactions in a hospital general medical unit meriting notification to the Committee on Safety of Medicines","volume":"42","author":"Smith CC","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"Importance of pharmacovigilance: safety monitoring of medicinal products","year":"2002"}],"container-title":["Revista de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/pdf\/rsp\/v50\/0034-8910-rsp-S1518-87872016050006122.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,23]],"date-time":"2017-05-23T10:05:26Z","timestamp":1495533926000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0034-89102016000100212&lng=en&tlng=en"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"0","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}},"alternative-id":["S0034-89102016000100212"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/s1518-8787.2016050006122","relation":{},"ISSN":["0034-8910"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0034-8910","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}}}