{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T03:38:01Z","timestamp":1776137881819,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. bras. pneumol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>ABSTRACT Objective: To characterize clinically all of the patients with spontaneous pneumomediastinum (SPM) admitted to an adult pulmonology ward in Lisbon, Portugal. Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study of all adult patients (\u2265 18 years of age) diagnosed with SPM between January of 2004 and September of 2015. Results: At least one predisposing factor was identified in most (88.9%) of the 18 patients who presented with SPM during the study period. With regard to precipitating factors, bouts of cough were present in 50.0% of the patients. Other precipitating factors included a sudden increase in tobacco consumption, inhaled drug use, occupational inhalation of varnish fumes, intense exercise, and vomiting. The most common complaints were dyspnea (in 83.3%) and chest pain (in 77.8%). Other complaints included cough, neck pain, dysphagia, and odynophagia. Subcutaneous emphysema was found in most of the patients. The diagnosis of SPM was based on chest X-ray findings in 61.1% of the patients. Conclusions: Although SPM is a rare condition, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of chest pain and dyspnea. It can develop without a triggering event or conclusive findings on a chest X-ray, which is usually sufficient for diagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/s1806-37562016000000052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,21]],"date-time":"2017-01-21T21:29:03Z","timestamp":1485034143000},"page":"101-105","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Spontaneous pneumomediastinum: experience in 18 patients during the last 12 years"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Dion\u00edsio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Alda","family":"Manique","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro 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