{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T14:35:35Z","timestamp":1761662135007,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,17]],"date-time":"2012-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1326758400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3668,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacotherapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Study Objective.<\/jats:bold>\n                    To determine epidemiologic factors of extended\u2010spectrum \u03b2\u2010lactamase (ESBL)\u2010producing\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    or\n                    <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    in a nonoutbreak setting.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Design.<\/jats:bold>\n                    Retrospective analysis.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Setting.<\/jats:bold>\n                    University teaching hospital.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Patients.<\/jats:bold>\n                    Fifty\u2010seven patients with cultures of presumed ESBL\u2010producing (i.e., ceftazidime\u2010resistant)\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    or\n                    <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Interventions.<\/jats:bold>\n                    To determine overall frequency, institutional antibiograms from 1991\u20131999 were examined for percentage of isolates with ceftazidime resistance. Medical records from January 1997\u2013June 2000 were reviewed for patient demographics, comorbidities, culture site, antimicrobial therapy, and clinical and microbiologic outcomes.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Measurements and Main Results.<\/jats:bold>\n                    From 1991\u20131999, frequency increased from undetectable to 4% for ceftazidime\u2010resistant\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    and from 2% to 6% for ceftazidime\u2010resistant\n                    <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Seventy\u2010one isolates were identified in the 57 patients with presumed ESBL\u2010producing\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    or\n                    <jats:italic>K. pneumonia<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Fifty\u2010one isolates (72%) were\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    , with urine the primary site of infection (62%). Eighty\u2010six percent of patients had known risk factors for infection due to ESBL\u2010producing organisms, including hospitalization (37 patients) and residence in long\u2010term care facilities (12 patients). However, in 14% (8 patients), the infection was community acquired in patients who resided at home.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion.<\/jats:bold>\n                    In addition to known populations at risk, ambulatory patients with chronic conditions represent another patient population that may harbor ESBL\u2010producing organisms.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.22.1.14.33497","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,28]],"date-time":"2004-05-28T07:24:31Z","timestamp":1085729071000},"page":"14-20","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Extended\u2010Spectrum \u03b2\u2010Lactamases: Frequency, Risk Factors, and Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Allison E.","family":"Einhorn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melinda M.","family":"Neuhauser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David T.","family":"Bearden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John P.","family":"Quinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan L.","family":"Pendland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/36.suppl_A.19"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.19.12.120S.31699"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","unstructured":"WinokurP. JonesR.N. PfallerM.A. et al.Characterization of strains from Europe North and Latin America and Western Pacific that express an extended\u2010spectrum \u03b2\u2010lactamase phenotype: report from the SENTRY antimicrobial surveillance program (1997\u20131999). Presented at the 40th interscience conference on antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy. Toronto Canada September 1720 2000."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","unstructured":"AdedejiA. VangalaK. SaurinaG. et al.Molecular epidemiology of Klebsiella pneumoniae with extended\u2010spectrum \u03b2\u2010lactamase (ESBLs) in Brooklyn NY. Presented at the 38th annual meeting of the Infectious Disease Society of America New Orleans LA September 710 2000."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/319757"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","unstructured":"PattersonJ.E. HardinT.C. KellyC. et al.Association of antibiotic utilization measures and control of multiple drug resistance in extended\u2010spectrum \u03b2\u2010lactamase\u2010producing (ESBL) Klebsiella pneumoniae. Presented at the 36th annual meeting of the Infectious Disease Society of America Denver CO. November 1215 1998."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/313511"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-119-5-199309010-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)90891-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.34.11.2193"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0195-6701(91)90088-P"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.36.9.1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199906000-00026"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/174.3.529"},{"volume-title":"Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically: approved standard","year":"2000","author":"National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards","key":"e_1_2_1_16_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clind\/15.Supplement_1.S62"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","first-page":"143","volume-title":"\u03b2\u2010Lactam resistance in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae: laboratory detection and patient characteristics [abstr]","author":"Morgan M.A.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","first-page":"122","volume-title":"Changes in the epidemiology of Klebsiella spp: ESBL producers collected from intensive care units in 1994 and 1997\u201398 [abstr]","author":"Babini G.S.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.6.517"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0732-8893(98)00113-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/598640"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0732-8893(98)00158-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0732-8893(98)00023-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","unstructured":"LautenbachE. StromB.L. BilkerW.B. et al.Risk factors for the emergence of fluoroquinolone resistance in infections due to extended\u2010spectrum \u03b2\u2010lactamase (ESBL)\u2010producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae [abstr]. Presented at the 38th annual meeting of the Infectious Disease Society of America New Orleans LA September 710 2000."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","unstructured":"PatersonD.L. KoW. VonGottbergA. et al.In vitro susceptibility and clinical outcome of bacteremia due to extended\u2010spectrum \u03b2\u2010lactamase (ESBL)\u2010producing Klebsiella pneumoniae [abstr]. Presented at the 36th annual meeting of the Infectious Disease Society of America Denver CO. November 1215 1998."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","first-page":"328","volume-title":"Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia: impact of extended\u2010spectrum \u03b2\u2010lactamase (ESBL) production in a global study of 216 patients [abstr]","author":"Paterson D.L.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.8.2864-2872.2001"},{"volume-title":"Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing","year":"2000","author":"National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards","key":"e_1_2_1_29_2"}],"container-title":["Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1592%2Fphco.22.1.14.33497","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1592\/phco.22.1.14.33497","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T17:03:35Z","timestamp":1761066215000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1592\/phco.22.1.14.33497"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1592\/phco.22.1.14.33497"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1592\/phco.22.1.14.33497","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-0008","1875-9114"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0277-0008"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1875-9114"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2012-01-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}