{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T23:55:54Z","timestamp":1790034954779,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,17]],"date-time":"2012-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1326758400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3487,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacotherapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Edema is an adverse event associated with thiazolidinedione therapy. The potential for mild\u2010to\u2010moderate peripheral edema with thiazolidinedione is known, especially in patients who have heart failure or use insulin. Our experience reveals that patients who do not have heart failure or do not use insulin also can develop moderate\u2010to\u2010severe edema that necessitates discontinuation of the thiazolidinedione. A 77\u2010year\u2010old man developed ankle, hand, and facial swelling 2 weeks after starting rosiglitazone. After discontinuing the drug, his edema resolved. A 75\u2010year\u2010old man developed bilateral lower leg edema 6 months after switching from troglitazone to pioglitazone. He was hospitalized for 51 days and, after aggressive diuresis and discontinuation of pioglitazone, was discharged with a weight loss of 30 pounds. A 53\u2010year\u2010old man developed lower leg edema 4 weeks after rosiglitazone was increased from 4 mg once\/day to 4 mg twice\/day. Rosiglitazone was discontinued and the edema resolved. Until the mechanism of action responsible for fluid overload is known, we suggest that thiazolidinediones be administered with caution in all patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.22.11.924.33626","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,1]],"date-time":"2004-06-01T07:06:53Z","timestamp":1086073613000},"page":"924-929","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":116,"title":["Thiazolidinedione\u2010Induced Edema"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Nancee V.","family":"Niemeyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurel M.","family":"Janney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030006059902700201"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","volume-title":"Actos (pioglitazone) package insert","author":"Takeda","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","volume-title":"Avandia (rosiglitazone) package insert","author":"Glaxo SmithKline","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.10132"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.159.15.1811"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","volume-title":"Rezulin (troglitazone) package insert","author":"Davis Parke","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002280050602"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","first-page":"A98","article-title":"Rosiglitazone: no effect on erythropoiesis or premature red cell destruction [abstr]","volume":"48","author":"Dogterom P","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","first-page":"A68","article-title":"Rosiglitazone and ankle swelling: an acute dose\u2010dependent effect on endothelial permeability [abstr]","volume":"50","author":"Donnelly R","year":"2001","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.med.52.1.239"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.86.1.7157"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2000-8529"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8529(05)70267-X"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","first-page":"A341","article-title":"Adverse events with pioglitazone HCL [abstr]","volume":"49","author":"Aronoff SL","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.13.1695"}],"container-title":["Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1592%2Fphco.22.11.924.33626","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1592\/phco.22.11.924.33626","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T12:59:37Z","timestamp":1761051577000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1592\/phco.22.11.924.33626"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,7]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1592\/phco.22.11.924.33626"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1592\/phco.22.11.924.33626","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-0008","1875-9114"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0277-0008","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-9114","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2012-01-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}