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Pneumonia caused by <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic> has been reported only in immunocompromised patients and in one patient with structural lung disease. A 39\u2013year\u2010old, immunocompetent, critically ill woman developed ventilator\u2010associated pneumonia, which was found to be caused by <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>. To our knowledge, this is the first such report. The infection was treated successfully with 14 days of intravenous vancomycin. 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