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Endoscopy may be performed for diagnosis and treatment. Antisecretory therapy may be employed to control gastric acid secretion, treat active peptic ulcer disease, and control symptoms such as diarrhea and abdominal pain. Options for antisecretory therapy include histamine<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010receptor antagonists (H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>RAs) that target the histamine pathway, and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) that target the final step in acid secretion. The H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>RAs generally are ineffective at reaching a target pH of 6 in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding because of tachyphylaxis. The PPIs are more effective and do not lead to tachyphylaxis. With the availability of an intravenous PPI, pantoprazole, options for managing hospitalized patients with gastrointestinal bleeding are expanding.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.23.13.81s.31930","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,10]],"date-time":"2004-05-10T08:38:04Z","timestamp":1084178284000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Treating Patients with Acute Gastrointestinal Bleeding or Rebleeding"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Joseph R.","family":"Pisegna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(81)73156-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.38.3.316"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-200101000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.1999.00623.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)92927-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-999-0012-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","first-page":"246","volume-title":"Harrison's principles of internal medicine","author":"Epstein A.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(91)90579-A"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199409153311107"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1746.2000.02055.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000051385"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI7537"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1998.tb11173.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(97)80041-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02088230"},{"volume-title":"Protonix IV for injection (pantoprazole sodium) prescribing information","year":"2002","author":"Wyeth Pharmaceuticals.","key":"e_1_2_1_17_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524-4733.2003.64262.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2003.07163.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1999.01430.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(00)70139-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2001.05325.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","first-page":"A344","article-title":"Intragastric pH during pantoprazole infusion of 6 mg\/hour in patients with bleeding peptic ulceration","volume":"116","author":"Rensburg CJ","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200008033430501"}],"container-title":["Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1592%2Fphco.23.13.81S.31930","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1592\/phco.23.13.81S.31930","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T10:16:13Z","timestamp":1761041773000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1592\/phco.23.13.81S.31930"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,10]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10P2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1592\/phco.23.13.81S.31930"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1592\/phco.23.13.81s.31930","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-0008","1875-9114"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0277-0008"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1875-9114"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2012-01-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}