{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T13:05:54Z","timestamp":1773234354097,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,16]],"date-time":"2012-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1326672000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2877,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacotherapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A 67\u2010year\u2010old woman with an 8\u2010year history of Parkinson's disease and Lewy body dementia experienced difficulty in opening her eyelids (apraxia of lid opening [ALO]); she could close them without difficulty. This problem emerged 2 weeks after the patient's dosage of carbidopa 50 mg\u2013levodopa 200 mg 3 times\/day was decreased to twice\/day. Two weeks after the onset of ALO the patient visited her physician, who suspected carbidopa\u2010levodopa of causing the problem; the drug was discontinued. When the patient's condition worsened rather than improved, she was referred to a neuroophthalmologist, who confirmed the diagnosis of ALO. However, the neuroophthalmologist noted that this may not have been a true apraxia but rather a form of sustained blepharospasm that prevented the eyelid from opening. Carbidopa\u2010levodopa was restarted, and her condition improved dramatically when her dosage was increased gradually to carbidopa 50 mg\u2013levodopa 200 mg in the morning and at noon, and carbidopa 25 mg\u2013levodopa 100 mg in the evening. Clinicians should be aware of adverse reactions, such as AOL, in patients taking carbidopa\u2010levodopa who have dementia of the Lewy body type.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.24.4.401.33174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,21]],"date-time":"2004-05-21T08:33:58Z","timestamp":1085128438000},"page":"401-403","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Apraxia of Lid Opening: Dose\u2010Dependent Response to Carbidopa\u2010Levodopa"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Kelly C.","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ron","family":"Finley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruce","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1965.00970030157003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","first-page":"331","article-title":"Apraxia of lid opening in blepharospasm","volume":"21","author":"Jordan DR","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.48.6.1491"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.35.3.423"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6823561"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.44.9.1752"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","first-page":"292","article-title":"Apraxia of eyelid opening\u201d induced by levodopa therapy and apomorphine in atypical parkinsonism (possible progressive supranuclear palsy): a case report","volume":"22","author":"Defazio G.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Neuropharmacol"}],"container-title":["Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1592%2Fphco.24.4.401.33174","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1592\/phco.24.4.401.33174","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T13:29:06Z","timestamp":1761053346000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1592\/phco.24.4.401.33174"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,3]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1592\/phco.24.4.401.33174"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1592\/phco.24.4.401.33174","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-0008","1875-9114"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0277-0008","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-9114","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2012-01-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}