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The most common drug classes associated with ADRs were cardiotonic glycosides, adrenal corticosteroids, antineoplastic agents, anticoagulants, and analgesics. The most common associated diagnoses were hypertension, congestive heart failure, atrial fibrillation, volume depletion disorders, and atherosclerotic heart disease. In patients who experienced an ADR, death rates were 19.18% higher with 1971 excess deaths (odds ratio 1.208, 95% confidence interval 1.184\u20131.234), and length of hospital stay was 8.25% higher with 77,769 excess patient\u2010days (Mann\u2010Whitney <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic> test [U]=200078720610, p&lt;0.0001). Charges for patients with an ADR were increased as follows: total Medicare 19.86% ($339,496,598, U=200089611739, p&lt;0.0001), drugs 9.15% ($24,744,650, U=208719928502, p&lt;0.0001), and laboratory charges 2.82% ($6,221,512, U=195143498450, p&lt;0.0001). We developed a list of high\u2010risk diagnoses and drug classes to help pharmacists target patients who are more likely to experience ADRs. This is the first study to evaluate the ADRs in a large population of hospitalized Medicare patients. These findings will enable pharmacists to develop better management programs for ADRs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.26.5.601","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,25]],"date-time":"2006-04-25T12:24:48Z","timestamp":1145967888000},"page":"601-608","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":93,"title":["Adverse Drug Reactions in United States Hospitals"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"C. 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