{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T00:43:00Z","timestamp":1793148180635,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,6]],"date-time":"2012-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325808000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1192,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacotherapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Outbreaks of extensively drug\u2010resistant tuberculosis (XDR\u2010TB) in developing countries and recent headlines of an American traveling with a resistant variant of tuberculosis have brought XDR\u2010TB into the spotlight. The World Health Organization and the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have identified XDR\u2010TB as a serious public health threat and are mandating increased efforts at control of tuberculosis. Although XDR\u2010TB is believed to be no more infectious than other variants of tuberculosis, infection with and spread of XDR\u2010TB are concerning because of the ineffectiveness, toxicity, and cost of the available tuberculosis treatment options. Pharmacists may not be aware of the recent trends in tuberculosis resistance or of the impact that they can have on educating the public about this disease. To gain a better understanding of this disease and the potential roles for pharmacists in public health awareness of tuberculosis and in the care of patients with and at risk for this disease, we undertook an extensive search of the Internet, including Web sites of tuberculosis advocacy groups, and of MEDLINE from January 1968\u2010March 2008. Currently, XDR\u2010TB infection is uncommon in the United States, but if history is any indication, there is a high potential for an outbreak or epidemic. The XDR\u2010TB variant has emerged from mismanaging multidrug\u2010resistant tuberculosis, treating tuberculosis with too few drugs, using less effective second\u2010line drugs, and not educating patients about the dangers of nonadherence. With only limited hopes of a novel effective drug combination regimen, use of available antimycobacterial drugs needs to be optimized. Pharmacists can be key players in the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis by promoting adherence, assessing patients for risk factors for resistant disease, providing information about disease control and prevention, and monitoring for effectiveness, adverse effects, and drug interactions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.28.10.1243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,29]],"date-time":"2008-09-29T08:59:07Z","timestamp":1222678747000},"page":"1243-1254","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Treatment of Extensively Drug\u2010Resistant Tuberculosis and Role of the Pharmacist"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Beatriz Manzor","family":"Mitrzyk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","first-page":"301","article-title":"Emergence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with extensive resistance to second\u2010line drugs\u2014 worldwide, 2000\u20132004","volume":"55","author":"Wright A","year":"2006","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","article-title":"Atlantan quarantined with deadly TB strain","author":"Young A","year":"2007","journal-title":"Atlanta Journal-Constitution"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","volume-title":"Report of the meeting of the WHO global task force on XDR\u2010TB","author":"World Health Organization.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Message of the regional director Dr. Luis G. 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