{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T22:41:19Z","timestamp":1775688079821,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,6]],"date-time":"2012-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325808000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1192,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacotherapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Paliperidone, the major active metabolite of risperidone (9\u2010hydroxy\u2010risperidone), is a second\u2010generation antipsychotic that was recently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for treatment of acute schizophrenia and for maintenance treatment of schizophrenia. We performed a literature search of PreMEDLINE, MEDLINE, and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts from 1966\u2010October 2007 to review the available data on the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical evidence, and safety and tolerability profile of paliperidone extended\u2010release (ER). Articles from randomized controlled trials, abstracts, and posters presented at national scientific meetings were included in this review. Paliperidone ER has been shown to be significantly more effective in improving schizophrenic symptoms according to the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS), Clinical Global Impressions\u2010Severity Scale, and Personal and Social Performance Scale compared with placebo (p&lt;0.05). In addition, limited evidence suggests similar efficacy between paliperidone ER 6\u201312 mg\/day and risperidone 4\u20136 mg\/day. A 2\u2010week, double\u2010blind comparison with quetiapine demonstrated that paliperidone ER was significantly better than quetiapine in improving PANSS scores (p&lt;0.001). Paliperidone ER appears to be well tolerated at the recommended starting dosage of 6 mg\/day. The most commonly reported adverse effect was dose\u2010related extrapyramidal symptoms. Weight gain and metabolic disturbances were minimal. The cost of paliperidone ER appears to be slightly higher than that of other second\u2010generation antipsychotics. Paliperidone ER tablets may be a safe and effective treatment option for acute schizophrenia and maintenance treatment of schizophrenia compared with placebo. Because well\u2010designed comparative data are lacking, an additional benefit over other antipsychotics is yet to be determined.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.28.10.1283","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,29]],"date-time":"2008-09-29T08:59:07Z","timestamp":1222678747000},"page":"1283-1298","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Paliperidone Extended\u2010Release for the Treatment of Schizophrenia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Jehan","family":"Marino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Caballero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1993.01820140007001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890423349"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.4.514"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.8.1396"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.6.1018"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v68n1115"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with schizophrenia, 2nd edition","volume":"161","author":"Lehman AF","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa051688"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","volume-title":"Invega (paliperidone) extended\u2010release tablets, package insert","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(00)00911-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02245606"},{"issue":"55","key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","first-page":"5","article-title":"Risperidone: a novel antipsychotic with balanced serotonin\u2010dopamine antagonism, receptor occupancy profile, and pharmacologic activity","volume":"55","author":"Leysen JE","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02245439"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301181"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","unstructured":"KarlssonP DenckerE NybergS .Pharmacokinetics dopamine (D2) and serotonin 5HT(2A) receptor occupancy of paliperidone in healthy subjects. Presented at the 18th United States psychiatric and mental health congress Las Vegas NV November 710 2005."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-007-1029-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001556"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.107.018275"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","first-page":"S223","article-title":"A pharmacokinetic model to document the interconversion between the enantiomers of paliperidone [abstract]","volume":"59","author":"Rossenu S","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clpt.2005.12.197"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","unstructured":"ThyssenA CrauwelsH CletonA .Effects of hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics of immediate release paliperidone. 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