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Severe lymphopenia is one of the most profound hematologic effects of alemtuzumab, often predisposing patients to infectious complications such as herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, and <jats:italic>Pneumocystis jiroveci<\/jats:italic> pneumonia. Opportunistic infections secondary to mycobacterial sources have been documented less frequently. We describe the case of a 46\u2010year\u2010old man who developed a 40\u2010mm lymph node mass 4 months after completing alemtuzumab therapy. After a thorough evaluation, he began treatment for tuberculosis with a four\u2010drug combination regimen. The patient's final biopsy report indicated the presence of <jats:italic>Mycobacterium avium<\/jats:italic> complex. All clinical signs of the infection resolved with no recurrence. To our knowledge, this is the first published report of a patient who developed <jats:italic>M. avium<\/jats:italic> complex after alemtuzumab therapy. Consideration of primary prophylaxis against <jats:italic>M. avium<\/jats:italic> complex infections in aggressively treated patients with advanced B\u2010CLL or other clinical indications may be warranted if future reports of such atypical infections emerge.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.28.2.281","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,28]],"date-time":"2008-01-28T09:14:44Z","timestamp":1201511684000},"page":"281-284","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["<i>Mycobacterium avium<\/i> Complex Infection After Alemtuzumab Therapy for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Claire E.","family":"Saadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gordan","family":"Srkalovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2005.05789.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/504811"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/375690"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14737140.5.1.39"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","volume-title":"Campath (alemtuzumab) package insert","author":"Genzyme Corporation","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2403258"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminoncol.2005.12.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2002.06.119"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2403354"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.11551"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-10-3389"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1998.16.10.3257"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-09-2802"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780381110"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200109)44:9<1998::AID-ART348>3.0.CO;2-T"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2004.12.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199911270-00032"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2003.04612.x"}],"container-title":["Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1592%2Fphco.28.2.281","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1592\/phco.28.2.281","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T09:41:22Z","timestamp":1761039682000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1592\/phco.28.2.281"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1592\/phco.28.2.281"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1592\/phco.28.2.281","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-0008","1875-9114"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0277-0008","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-9114","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2012-01-06","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}