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We describe a 30\u2010year\u2010old woman with severe pulmonary disease associated with <jats:italic>Mycobacterium xenopi<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Aspergillus fumigatus<\/jats:italic>, necessitating simultaneous antimycobacterial and antifungal therapy. She was treated with rifabutin\u2014the rifamycin with the least cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme induction\u2014and therapeutic drug monitoring was performed so that target serum concentrations of all antimicrobial agents could be achieved. As a result of this monitoring, the frequency of voriconazole 300 mg needed to be increased from twice\/day to 3 times\/day. The patient's clinical outcome improved dramatically. She was discharged from the hospital and continued treatment for her mycobacterial infection while remaining free of the <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> infection. We believe that careful drug selection combined with therapeutic monitoring of antimicrobial drug serum concentrations is a practical model that clinicians can use to manage coexisting mycobacterial and fungal infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.28.8.1076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,25]],"date-time":"2008-07-25T12:56:02Z","timestamp":1216990562000},"page":"1076-1080","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Concomitant Use of Voriconazole and Rifabutin in a Patient with Multiple Infections"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Joshua N.","family":"Schwiesow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Iseman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles A.","family":"Peloquin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200604-571ST"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra012519"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198412273112606"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/18.2.266"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.162.9.985"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200342090-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200140050-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/22.Supplement_1.S15"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/515174"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200039030-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","first-page":"196","article-title":"Rifabutin does not alter fluconazole pharmacokinetics [abstract]","volume":"53","author":"Trapnell CB","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","volume-title":"Vfend (voriconazole) package insert","author":"Pfizer.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00579-07"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Managing drug interactions in the treatment of HIV\u2010related tuberculosis. 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