{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T23:06:23Z","timestamp":1770505583575,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,6]],"date-time":"2012-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325808000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":280,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacotherapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Invasive fungal infections, most commonly candidiasis or aspergillosis, are a major cause of morbidity and mortality among patients with neutropenia. Difficulty in diagnosing invasive fungal infections in these patients complicates decisions regarding pharmacotherapy. Because of the difficult diagnosis and the significant morbidity and mortality of fungal infections in patients with neutropenia, systemic antifungal agents are used as empiric antifungal therapy in patients with febrile neutropenia who are not responding to antibacterial therapy. The pharmacotherapy of invasive fungal infections has evolved rapidly within the past several years as numerous antifungal agents\u2014different formulations of amphotericin B, azoles, and echinocandins\u2014have become available for use as empiric antifungal therapy in patients with febrile neutropenia. Various levels of evidence support the use of these agents for this indication. Their use is limited, however, by drug intolerance, drug interactions, adverse\u2010event profiles, and limited activity with some mold species. Thus, considerations for selecting an antifungal drug for empiric use in patients with febrile neutropenia should include the epidemiology of fungal infections in the individual patient's institution and the specific clinical circumstances of the patient.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.31.4.369","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,25]],"date-time":"2011-03-25T13:20:02Z","timestamp":1301059202000},"page":"369-385","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Empiric Antifungal Therapy in Patients with Febrile Neutropenia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Jenna J.","family":"Ferrara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Conan","family":"MacDougall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason C.","family":"Gallagher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/383052"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/504810"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.11665"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/339215"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2008.0013"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/340263"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.2006.00805.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-64-2-328"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","first-page":"13","article-title":"Empiric antibiotic therapy for granulocytopenic cancer patients","volume":"80","author":"Schimpff SC.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/72.4.617"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","first-page":"543","article-title":"Infectious emergencies in oncology patients","volume":"16","author":"Lazarus HM","year":"1989","journal-title":"Semin Oncol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","first-page":"5","article-title":"Empirical antifungal therapy in febrile neutropenic patients: current status","volume":"8","author":"Kibbler CC.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Curr Top Med Mycol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(12)80606-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1701885"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1992.10.2.316"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-8579(08)70012-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2002.03259.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1997.15.6.2254"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/315193"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/367839"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3062.2006.00127.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/12.2.308"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(89)90441-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(82)90594-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.1997.2473063.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199903113401004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/317451"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10428190109097650"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/106002809502900509"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14787210.2.2.253"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/342564"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1470-9465.2004.00845.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0959-8049(95)00619-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(98)00326-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.1999.tb00023.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(99)00457-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-135-6-200109180-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000100055"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200201243460403"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.50.2.658-666.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_2","first-page":"1065","article-title":"Empiric therapy with fluconazole in granulocytopenic patients with carcinoma or leukemia [in Japanese]","volume":"47","author":"Fukuda M.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Jpn J Antibiot"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.41.12.2714"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200205303462213"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3062.2002.t01-2-02002.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/432060"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/598327"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200201243460414"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200205303462213"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200205093461915"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.28.1.58"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.27.7.970"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/523576"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/423381"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021585"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa040446"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.45.1498"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.46.6021"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/422312"}],"container-title":["Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1592%2Fphco.31.4.369","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1592\/phco.31.4.369","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T16:03:44Z","timestamp":1761062624000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1592\/phco.31.4.369"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1592\/phco.31.4.369"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1592\/phco.31.4.369","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-0008","1875-9114"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0277-0008","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-9114","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2012-01-06","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}