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As recurrence rates increase, new pharmacologic agents to treat <jats:italic>C. difficile<\/jats:italic> infection are needed. Fidaxomicin, a novel macrocyclic antibiotic, was recently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of <jats:italic>C. difficile\u2010associated<\/jats:italic> diarrhea. Originally isolated from fermentation broth of <jats:italic>Dactylosporangium aurantiacum<\/jats:italic> subspecies <jats:italic>hamdenensis<\/jats:italic>, the drug has a selective spectrum, distinctive pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, and a favorable adverse\u2010effect profile. Fidaxomicin has demonstrated similar clinical cure rates (i.e., resolution of diarrhea) compared with vancomycin, with lower recurrence rates and higher global cure rates (i.e., resolution of diarrhea without recurrence) in non\u2010restriction endonuclease analysis type BI, North American Pulsed Field type 1 (NAP1), polymerase chain reaction ribotype 027 (or non\u2010BI\/NAP1\/027) strains. Overall, fidaxomicin has been generally well tolerated, with the most common adverse effects reported as mild gastrointestinal complaints. Fidaxomicin appears to be a useful agent in the treatment of severe <jats:italic>C. difficile<\/jats:italic> infection, demonstrating decreased rates of recurrence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.31.9.877","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,25]],"date-time":"2011-08-25T13:23:42Z","timestamp":1314278622000},"page":"877-886","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Fidaxomicin: A Macrocyclic Antibiotic for the Treatment of <i>Clostridium difficile<\/i> Infection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Jennifer 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