{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T09:05:47Z","timestamp":1792055147541,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,1]],"date-time":"2004-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1088640000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the incidence and natural history of middle ear disease in children with congenital velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) without cleft palate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting and Subjects<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children with congenital VPI attending the combined cleft clinic at a tertiary cleft center. The diagnosis of congenital VPI in all cases was confirmed be the observation of hypernasality, nasal air escape, or both by a speech and language therapist and the demonstration of incompetence of the velopharyngeal sphincter by means of nasoendoscopy or videofluoroscopy. Children with overt cleft palate or postsurgical VPI were excluded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The children's medical records were reviewed, and a questionnaire regarding history of ear problems was sent to all parents. Children were divided into those with Pruzansky type I VPI (showing bifid uvula, midline diastasis of soft palate, or submucous cleft of the hard palate) and Pruzansky type II VPI (no visible stigmata).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Incidence of reported ear problems, ear infections, hearing loss, and surgical intervention for middle ear disease in the whole group and in each of the subgroups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seventy-one parents returned completed questionnaires. The overall incidence of middle ear disease was 63%, with 28% reported to have below-normal hearing. There was no significant difference between children with Pruzansky types I and II VPI with respect to incidence of otopathology or hearing loss.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Irrespective of the presence of any visible palatal abnormalities, children with congenital VPI showed a substantial incidence of otopathology and should thus be closely monitored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1597\/03-085.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,28]],"date-time":"2004-06-28T13:49:23Z","timestamp":1088430563000},"page":"364-367","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Middle Ear Disease in Children with Congenital Velopharyngeal Insufficiency"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Patrick","family":"Sheahan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, The Children's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, The Children's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Earley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery, The Children's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerome N.","family":"Sheahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander W.","family":"Blayney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-03-085.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1970","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-197812000-00012","volume":"8","author":"Caldarelli D.D.","year":"1978","journal-title":"Laryngoscope."},{"key":"bibr2-03-085.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-1226(53)80060-3"},{"key":"bibr3-03-085.1","first-page":"75","volume":"143","author":"Durr D.G.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"bibr4-03-085.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1993.01880170089019"},{"key":"bibr5-03-085.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5876(96)01412-7"},{"key":"bibr6-03-085.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5876(98)00179-7"},{"key":"bibr7-03-085.1","first-page":"334","volume":"24","author":"Loney R.W.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Cleft Palate J."},{"key":"bibr8-03-085.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016488109133291"},{"key":"bibr9-03-085.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.44.1.35","volume":"44","author":"Paradise J.L.","year":"1969","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"key":"bibr10-03-085.1","author":"Pruzansky S.","year":"1976","journal-title":"Congenital palatopharyngeal incompetency."},{"key":"bibr11-03-085.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5876(03)00098-3"},{"key":"bibr12-03-085.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-199401000-00014"},{"key":"bibr13-03-085.1","first-page":"209","volume":"20","author":"Trier W.C.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Cleft Palate J."},{"key":"bibr14-03-085.1","first-page":"68","volume":"26","author":"Trost-Cardamone J.E.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Cleft Palate J."},{"key":"bibr15-03-085.1","first-page":"825","volume-title":"Practical Pediatric Otolaryngology.","author":"Willging J.P.","year":"1999"}],"container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1597\/03-085.1","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1597\/03-085.1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:19:18Z","timestamp":1777393158000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1597\/03-085.1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1597\/03-085.1"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1597\/03-085.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1055-6656","1545-1569"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1055-6656","type":"print"},{"value":"1545-1569","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]}}}