{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T22:14:39Z","timestamp":1792707279004,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1104537600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]},"abstract":"\n Objective<\/jats:title>\n The present investigation was conducted to examine the prevalence of preschoolers with cleft palate who require speech therapy, demonstrate significant nasalization of speech, and produce compensatory articulations. The relationship among these three dependent variables and the independent variables of cleft type and age of primary palatal surgery was also examined.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Participants<\/jats:title>\n The participants included 212 preschoolers with repaired cleft palate aged 2 years 10 months to 5 years 6 months.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title>\n Chi-square analyses were performed to examine the relationship between two independent variables (cleft type and age of surgery) and three dependent variables (percentage of children requiring speech therapy, percentage demonstrating moderate to severe hypernasality and receiving secondary management for velopharyngeal insufficiency, and percentage producing glottal\/pharyngeal substitutions).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Sixty-eight percent of the children were enrolled in (or had previously received) speech therapy. Thirty-seven percent of the children demonstrated moderate-severe hypernasality or had received secondary surgical management for velopharyngeal insufficiency. Chi-square analyses revealed a significant relationship between cleft type and the number of children referred for speech therapy as well as the number of children with significant hypernasality. The analyses also revealed a significant relationship between age of palatal surgery and number of children with significant hypernasality.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Despite advances in surgical management and the advantages offered by team care, the majority of preschoolers with cleft palate continue to demonstrate delays in speech sound development that require direct speech therapy. An optimal treatment regimen for these children is one that includes primary palatal surgery no later than 13 months of age.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1597\/03-134.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,11]],"date-time":"2005-01-11T15:50:56Z","timestamp":1105458656000},"page":"7-13","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":168,"title":["Speech Production of Preschoolers with Cleft Palate"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Mary A.","family":"Hardin-Jones","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Communication Disorders at the University of Wyoming"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David L.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Communication Disorders at the University of Wyoming"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-03-134.1","first-page":"83","volume-title":"Analyzing Cleft Palate Speech.","author":"Albery E.","year":"1993"},{"key":"bibr2-03-134.1","volume-title":"Multidisciplinary Management of Cleft Lip and Palate.","author":"Bardach J.","year":"1990"},{"key":"bibr3-03-134.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199203000-00004"},{"key":"bibr4-03-134.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-198403000-00004"},{"key":"bibr5-03-134.1","first-page":"139","volume":"21","author":"Barimo J.P.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg."},{"key":"bibr6-03-134.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1058-0360.0401.25"},{"key":"bibr7-03-134.1","volume-title":"Communicative Disorders Related to Cleft Lip and Palate.","author":"Bzoch K.R.","year":"1997"},{"key":"bibr8-03-134.1","volume-title":"Communicative Disorders Related to Cleft Lip and Palate.","author":"Bzoch K.R.","year":"1997"},{"key":"bibr9-03-134.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2001\/099)"},{"key":"bibr10-03-134.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0007-1226(90)90188-6"},{"key":"bibr11-03-134.1","first-page":"30","volume":"2","author":"Dalston R.M.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Probl Plast Surg."},{"key":"bibr12-03-134.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-23508"},{"key":"bibr13-03-134.1","volume-title":"Therapy Techniques for Cleft Palate Speech and Related Disorders.","author":"Golding-Kushner K.J.","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr14-03-134.1","volume-title":"Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation.","author":"Goldman R.","year":"1969"},{"key":"bibr15-03-134.1","unstructured":"GramesL.M., MarshJ.L., PilgramT., MuntzH.R., KarzonR.K. Speech therapy outcome and duration in children with cleft lip and palate. Presented at the 56th Annual Meeting of the American Cleft Palate\u2013Craniofacial Association; Scottsdale, Arizona; 1999."},{"key":"bibr16-03-134.1","unstructured":"HuebenerD.V., MarshJ.L. Management of cleft lip and palate: the first 18 months. Presented at the 54th Annual Meeting of the American Cleft Palate Association; New Orleans, Louisiana; 1997."},{"key":"bibr17-03-134.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-198109000-00001"},{"key":"bibr18-03-134.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_1993_030_0073_siuabc_2.3.co_2"},{"key":"bibr19-03-134.1","volume-title":"Multidisciplinary Management of Cleft Lip and Palate.","author":"Kemp-Fincham S.I.","year":"1990"},{"key":"bibr20-03-134.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_1994_031_0271_psicwc_2.3.co_2"},{"key":"bibr21-03-134.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_2000_037_0225_tsotai_2.3.co_2"},{"key":"bibr22-03-134.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199609001-00003"},{"key":"bibr23-03-134.1","volume-title":"Multidisciplinary Management of Cleft Lip and Palate.","author":"Peterson-Falzone S.J.","year":"1990"},{"key":"bibr24-03-134.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1073-8746(96)80013-2"},{"key":"bibr25-03-134.1","volume-title":"Cleft Palate Speech.","author":"Peterson-Falzone S.J.","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr26-03-134.1","first-page":"163","volume":"22","author":"Van Demark D.R.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Cleft Palate J."}],"container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1597\/03-134.1","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1597\/03-134.1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:19:28Z","timestamp":1777393168000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1597\/03-134.1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1597\/03-134.1"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1597\/03-134.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1055-6656","1545-1569"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1055-6656","type":"print"},{"value":"1545-1569","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]}}}