{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T15:06:55Z","timestamp":1790262415527,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,1]],"date-time":"2009-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1230768000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The voice low tone to high tone ratio (VLHR) is defined as the power ratio of low frequency to high frequency energy obtained by dividing the voice spectrum with a specific cutoff frequency. In a previous study, VLHR correlated significantly with nasalance and perceptual rating of hypernasality for a single vowel. The methodology was optimized in this study by investigating the correlations among other vowels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Voice signals of six sustained vowels vocalized by subjects with hypernasality were collected. Vowel nasalance was obtained with a nasometer, and hypernasality rating scores were provided by two speech-language pathologists. The VLHRs calculated using different cutoff frequencies were correlated with nasalance and hypernasality rating scores.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eight subjects with hypernasality caused by palatal fistula or velopharyngeal insufficiency.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcome Measures:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>VLHR, nasalance, and hypernasality rating score.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The correlation of VLHR with nasalance and hypernasality rating was most significant using a cutoff frequency of 600 Hz. The correlation of VLHR with nasalance was significant (r \u200a=\u200a .62, p &lt; .01, Pearson's correlation), as was the correlation of VLHR with hypernasality score (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient \u200a=\u200a .62, p &lt; .01).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>VLHR correlated significantly with nasalance and hypernasality in the six sustained vowels and may provide another quantitative index for the evaluation of hypernasality in sustained vowels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1597\/07-184.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,24]],"date-time":"2008-12-24T15:20:21Z","timestamp":1230132021000},"page":"47-52","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Evaluation of Hypernasality in Vowels Using Voice Low Tone to High Tone Ratio"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Guo-She","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, National Yang-Ming University Hospital, I-Lan and Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ching-Ping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sherry","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-07-184.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.413568"},{"key":"bibr2-07-184.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.414399"},{"key":"bibr3-07-184.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.419620"},{"key":"bibr4-07-184.1","first-page":"480","volume":"7","author":"Curtis J.F.","year":"1970","journal-title":"Cleft Palate 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