{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T19:56:17Z","timestamp":1784750177043,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,1]],"date-time":"2011-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1309478400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the epidemiology of cleft lip and\/or palate (CL\/P) in births in hospitals of Hamedan City, Iran, and to evaluate the etiologic factors that have a role in the development of these anomalies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This research was a 15-year cross-sectional study (1993 to 2008).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All infants born with CL\/P during the study period comprised the study group. One thousand healthy children without cleft anomalies born in the same hospitals during the study period comprised the control group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of CL\/P was 1.016 per 1000 live births (53.4% boys and 46.6% girls). Cleft lip associated with cleft palate (CLP) was the most common type of anomaly (53.5%), followed by isolated cleft lip (CL; 28.7%) and isolated cleft palate (CP; 17.8%). Eighty-six babies (81%) had unilateral CL and 20 babies (19%) had bilateral CL. Twenty-three newborns with CL\/P (17.8%) had other congenital deformities. The frequency of CL\/P in parents, siblings, and relatives of newborns in study group was higher than in the control group. There was a significant difference between the study and control groups with respect to maternal drug intake, trauma, smoking, and x-ray exposure during pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The birth prevalence of CL\/P in Hamedan City was closer to the prevalence of CL\/P in the United States and Europe than Africa and the Far East. We found that the presence of cleft in parents, siblings, and other relatives; maternal drug intake; trauma; radiation; and smoking were risk factors for cleft development in newborns.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1597\/09-035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,24]],"date-time":"2010-06-24T01:17:08Z","timestamp":1277342228000},"page":"483-489","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["An Epidemiologic Study of Orofacial Clefts in Hamedan City, Iran: A 15-Year Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Zandi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Heidari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and 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