{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T04:52:35Z","timestamp":1789102355357,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]],"date-time":"2012-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1351728000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nasal reconstruction for patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) is a challenge for the reconstructive surgeon. Presurgical nasoalveolar molding (PNAM) was introduced to reshape the cleft nasal structures prior to lip repair. This study analyzed two-dimensional nasal changes before and after PNAM in patients with complete UCLP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty UCLP patients (19 males; 11 females) who received PNAM before lip repair were included in this study. PNAM was applied for 100 days. Nasal casts were obtained before and after PNAM. Frontal and 45\u00b0 standardized digital photographs were taken from all casts, and a photogrammetric analysis (16 linear, six angular, and two area measurements) was performed. Paired Student's t tests were used to search for differences by time, and time versus side (cleft versus noncleft).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Significant reduction of cleft columella deviation with an increase in columella length, nostril height, and axial inclination on the cleft side were recorded. This resulted in an increase in the projection of the nasal tip. The noncleft measurements remained without significant changes. The cleft nostril area increased significantly more than the noncleft side by 90% with PNAM treatment. Significant normal growth changes were observed in nasal width and nasal height.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A favorable reshaping of the nose after PNAM was achieved, resulting in an improvement in form before lip surgery. These changes lead to improved nasal symmetry before primary lip and nasal reconstruction in UCLP patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1597\/11-007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,16]],"date-time":"2011-08-16T21:21:14Z","timestamp":1313529674000},"page":"689-700","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Nasal Changes after Presurgical Nasoalveolar Molding (PNAM) in the Unilateral Cleft Lip Nose"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"David F.","family":"Gomez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rush Craniofacial Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Graduate College, Rush University, Medellin, Colombia"},{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, CES University, Medellin, Colombia"},{"name":"College of Dentistry, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean T.","family":"Donohue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alvaro A.","family":"Figueroa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rush Craniofacial Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John W.","family":"Polley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Co-director, Rush Craniofacial Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-11-007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2005.09.009"},{"key":"bibr2-11-007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e318199f46e"},{"key":"bibr3-11-007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/05-054"},{"key":"bibr4-11-007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199909010-00002"},{"key":"bibr5-11-007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-195906000-00001"},{"key":"bibr6-11-007","volume-title":"Statistical Methods for Medical and Biological Students.","author":"Dahlberg G.","year":"1948","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr7-11-007","first-page":"144","volume":"40","author":"Deng X.H.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi."},{"key":"bibr8-11-007","first-page":"31","volume":"27","author":"Dogliotti P.L.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Rev Ateneo Arg Odont."},{"key":"bibr9-11-007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02844319309080290"},{"key":"bibr10-11-007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/06-009"},{"key":"bibr11-11-007","first-page":"474","volume-title":"Multidisciplinary Management of Cleft Lip and Palate.","author":"Farkas L.G.","year":"1990"},{"key":"bibr12-11-007","volume-title":"Anthropometry of the Head and Face.","author":"Farkas L.G.","year":"1994"},{"key":"bibr13-11-007","first-page":"351","volume":"16","author":"Farkas L.G.","year":"1979","journal-title":"Cleft Palate J."},{"key":"bibr14-11-007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_1993_030_0001_aaafot_2.3.co_2"},{"key":"bibr15-11-007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-198311000-00004"},{"key":"bibr16-11-007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_1992_029_0318_gpotnr_2.3.co_2"},{"key":"bibr17-11-007","first-page":"271","volume-title":"Plastic Surgery.","author":"Figueroa A.A.","year":"2006","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr18-11-007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02844318009105735"},{"key":"bibr19-11-007","unstructured":"GomezD.F.DonohueS.FigueroaA.A.PolleyJ.W. Effects of nasal molding in unilateral cleft lip. Presented at the 60th Anniversary Meeting of the American Cleft Palate \u2013 Craniofacial Association; April 10, 2003; Asheville, NC."},{"key":"bibr20-11-007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_2001_038_0193_pnomip_2.0.co_2"},{"key":"bibr21-11-007","first-page":"1422","volume":"92","author":"Grayson B.H.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg."},{"key":"bibr22-11-007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-1298(03)00140-8"},{"key":"bibr23-11-007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_1999_036_0486_pnmiiw_2.3.co_2"},{"key":"bibr24-11-007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e3181be88cf"},{"key":"bibr25-11-007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02844318309013121"},{"key":"bibr26-11-007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PRS.0000133027.04252.7A"},{"key":"bibr27-11-007","first-page":"262","volume":"29","author":"Lo L.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chang Gung Med J."},{"key":"bibr28-11-007","first-page":"345","volume":"15","author":"Mao L.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue."},{"key":"bibr29-11-007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0007-1226(91)90168-J"},{"key":"bibr30-11-007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198901000-00006"},{"key":"bibr31-11-007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198401000-00009"},{"key":"bibr32-11-007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_1999_036_0391_lteonm_2.3.co_2"},{"key":"bibr33-11-007","first-page":"e55","volume":"10","author":"Mishra B.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eplasty."},{"key":"bibr34-11-007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-197505000-00010"},{"key":"bibr35-11-007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198506000-00003"},{"key":"bibr36-11-007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_1996_033_0023_protuc_2.3.co_2"},{"key":"bibr37-11-007","unstructured":"MillardD.R. 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