{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T02:12:24Z","timestamp":1780539144260,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]],"date-time":"2013-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1383264000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe and compare the causal beliefs associated with cleft lips and\/or palates across several different countries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional survey.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Operation Smile surgery screenings in six developing countries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two hundred seventy-nine adult patients and parents of children with cleft lips and\/or palates in Kenya, Russia, Cambodia, India, Egypt, and Peru.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In person interviews were conducted with interpreters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcome Measure<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>As part of a larger study, a semistructured questionnaire was created to explore cleft perceptions, belief systems that affect these perceptions, and social reactions to individuals with clefts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Causal attributions were grouped by category (environment, self-blame, supernatural, chance, unknown, or other) and type of locus of control (external, internal, or unknown). Results indicate significant difference by country for both causal attribution category ( P &lt; .001) and type ( P &lt; .001). This difference was maintained in multivariate analyses, which controlled for differences by demographic variables between countries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study provides evidence that causal attributions for clefts are influenced by culture. As harmful beliefs about cause may continue to impact affected individuals and their families even after a repair, it is insufficient to provide surgical care alone. Care of the entire person must include attempts to change misinformed cultural beliefs through educating the broader community.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1597\/11-300r1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,2]],"date-time":"2012-10-02T11:12:55Z","timestamp":1349176375000},"page":"655-661","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Causal Attributions of Cleft Lip and Palate across Cultures"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Lauren","family":"Mednick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Children's Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Snyder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Children's Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolyn","family":"Schook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seattle Children's Hospital and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily A.","family":"Blood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research Program, Children's Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School, Boston Massachusetts."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shan-Estelle","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.C.A.","family":"Weatherley-White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Operation Smile Inc., Norfolk, Virginia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-11-300R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/08-094"},{"key":"bibr2-11-300R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/08-151.1"},{"key":"bibr3-11-300R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0b013e3181b0230c"},{"key":"bibr4-11-300R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/jscp.22.5.515.22924"},{"key":"bibr5-11-300R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/09-046"},{"key":"bibr6-11-300R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/07-194.1"},{"key":"bibr7-11-300R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/07-085.1"},{"key":"bibr8-11-300R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.108.2.209"},{"key":"bibr9-11-300R1","unstructured":"United Nations Statistics Division. The world statistics pocketbook. Available at http:\/\/data.un.org\/CountryProfile.aspx. Accessed April 3, 2012."},{"key":"bibr10-11-300R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/04-003.1"}],"container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1597\/11-300R1","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1597\/11-300R1","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1597\/11-300R1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:17:40Z","timestamp":1777393060000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1597\/11-300R1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1597\/11-300R1"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1597\/11-300r1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1055-6656","1545-1569"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1055-6656","type":"print"},{"value":"1545-1569","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]}}}