{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T11:38:04Z","timestamp":1791805084943,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,1]],"date-time":"2013-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1367366400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>(1) To collect three-dimensional, dynamic facial images from two groups of infants: one group born with cleft lip and palate slated to have a primary lip repair and a second, age-matched, noncleft control group. (2) To develop analyses to determine differences in facial movement between infants with cleft lip with or without palate (CL\u00b1P) and noncleft control infants and to determine changes in facial movement before and after primary lip repair.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Longitudinal, prospective case-control study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Facial Animation Laboratory at the University of North Carolina School of Dentistry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two groups of infants: one group with unrepaired CL\u00b1P slated to have primary lip repair (n = 15) and a second group of age-matched, noncleft controls (n = 15).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Movement testing before and 4 months after primary lip repair in infants with CL\u00b1P and at similar time points in noncleft infants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seven measures of facial movement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The range of facial movements increased by 17% for all infants during the 4-month period. Compared with the noncleft group (1) infants with unilateral CL\u00b1P had 50% less nasolabial movement, and this difference did not change due to the lip repair; and (2) infants with unilateral or bilateral CL\u00b1P had 58% and 118% greater lateral upper lip movement, respectively, and 3.67 and 3.56 times greater asymmetry of movement, respectively, before lip repair. The procedure almost entirely removed the hypermobility and decreased the asymmetry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Primary surgical lip repair decreased hypermobility and improved asymmetry of upper lip movement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1597\/12-080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,10]],"date-time":"2012-10-10T20:05:19Z","timestamp":1349899519000},"page":"315-322","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Facial Soft Tissue Dynamics before and after Primary Lip Repair"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Carroll-Ann E.","family":"Trotman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maryland School of Dentistry and Adjunct, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Faraway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renate","family":"Soltmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terry","family":"Hartman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facial Animation Laboratory, School of Dentistry"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Van Aalst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-12-080","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjm029"},{"key":"bibr2-12-080","volume-title":"Cortex 3.0 Reference Manual.","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr3-12-080","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/10001-000"},{"key":"bibr4-12-080","volume-title":"Statistical Shape Analysis.","author":"Dryden L.","year":"1998"},{"key":"bibr5-12-080","volume-title":"The Facial Action Coding System (FACS): A Technique for the Measurement of Facial Action.","author":"Ekman P.","year":"1978"},{"key":"bibr6-12-080","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-6383(83)80026-5"},{"key":"bibr7-12-080","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.20112"},{"key":"bibr8-12-080","first-page":"189","volume":"66","author":"Gross M.M.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Angle 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