{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T04:14:27Z","timestamp":1777522467317,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]],"date-time":"2013-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1383264000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine if lip asymmetry can affect lip aesthetics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting and Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A group of dentists (n = 40) and cleft patients (n = 40) were recruited from the dental hospital and cleft service.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Still photographic digital images of lips and teeth were manipulated to produce a computerized gradient of smile appearance with different degrees of upper-lip vertical asymmetry. These five photographs (with 0 mm representing \u201csymmetry,\u201d and 1, 2, 2.5, and 3 mm, asymmetries) were assessed by participants using a 5-point Likert scale.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Statistics<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Descriptive statistics in addition to chi-square test were used to analyze the data. In order to satisfy the requirement of the chi-square test, the five smile ratings were reduced to three.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lip asymmetry did affect relative smile aesthetics, as determined by dentists and cleft patients. Both the dentists and cleft patients rated the 0-mm photograph more attractive than the 2.5-mm and 3-mm smiles ( P &lt; .05). The 0-, 1-, and 2-mm smiles were indistinguishable for both dentists and cleft patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lip asymmetry affects smile aesthetics. However, cleft patients and dentists were tolerant of minor asymmetries. This suggests that small degrees of lip asymmetry do not affect relative smile aesthetics as much as large degrees of lip asymmetry (2.5 mm or more).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1597\/12-122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,10]],"date-time":"2012-10-10T20:05:19Z","timestamp":1349899519000},"page":"111-114","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Lip Asymmetry and Smile Aesthetics"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Waeil","family":"Batwa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Dentistry, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fraser","family":"McDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontic, Dental Institute of Kings College London at Guys Kings and St. Thomas' trusts, London, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Cash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lead Cleft Lip and Palate Consultant Orthodontist, Queen Victoria NHS Foundation Trust, South Thames Cleft Service, London, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-12-122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2319\/050411-318.1"},{"key":"bibr2-12-122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199508000-00003"},{"key":"bibr3-12-122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.96.4.608"},{"key":"bibr4-12-122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2005.07.004"},{"key":"bibr5-12-122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/21.5.517"},{"key":"bibr6-12-122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8240.1999.tb00414.x"},{"key":"bibr7-12-122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.126.3.390"},{"key":"bibr8-12-122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjm063"},{"key":"bibr9-12-122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.05.042"},{"key":"bibr10-12-122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-6343.2007.00378.x"},{"key":"bibr11-12-122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.01.039"},{"key":"bibr12-12-122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2004.02.013"},{"key":"bibr13-12-122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mod.2001.114301"},{"key":"bibr14-12-122","first-page":"274","volume":"71","author":"Silva Filho O.G.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."},{"key":"bibr15-12-122","first-page":"359","volume":"73","author":"Thomas J.L.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."},{"key":"bibr16-12-122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15326950dp3801_6"},{"key":"bibr17-12-122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2319\/082606-349"}],"container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1597\/12-122","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1597\/12-122","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1597\/12-122","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:17:42Z","timestamp":1777393062000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1597\/12-122"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1597\/12-122"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1597\/12-122","relation":{},"ISSN":["1055-6656","1545-1569"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1055-6656","type":"print"},{"value":"1545-1569","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]}}}