{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:20:14Z","timestamp":1787023214418,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,1]],"date-time":"2014-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1398902400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Orofacial clefts are the most common malformations of the head and neck. In Africa, orofacial clefts are underascertained, with little or no surveillance system in most parts for clefts and other birth defects. A Nigerian craniofacial anomalies study, NigeriaCRAN, was established in 2006 to support cleft research specifically for epidemiological studies, treatment outcomes, and studies into etiology and prevention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>We pooled data from seven of the largest Smile Train treatment centers in the six geopolitical zones in Nigeria. Data from September 2006 to June 2011 were analyzed and clefts compared between sides and genders using the Fisher exact test.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 2197 cases were identified during the study period, with an estimated prevalence rate of 0.5 per 1000. Of the total number of orofacial clefts, 54.4% occur in males and 45.6% in females. There was a significant difference ( P=.0001) between unilateral left clefts and unilateral right clefts, and there was a significant difference ( P=.0001) between bilateral clefts and clefts on either the left or right side. A significant gender difference ( P=.03) was also observed for cleft palate, with more females than males. A total of 103 (4.7%) associated anomalies were identified. There were nine syndromic cleft cases, and 10.4% of the total number of individuals with clefts have an affected relative.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The significant difference between unilateral clefts and the gender differences in the proportion of cleft palate only are consistent with the literature. The present study emphasizes the need for birth defects registries in developing countries in order to estimate the exact prevalence of birth defects including orofacial clefts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1597\/12-135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,4]],"date-time":"2013-04-04T10:10:28Z","timestamp":1365070228000},"page":"320-325","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Prevalence of Orofacial Clefts in Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Butali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, and Dows Research Institute, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.L.","family":"Adeyemo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Lagos."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.A.","family":"Mossey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dundee Dental School and Hospital, University of Dundee, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.O.","family":"Olasoji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.I.","family":"Onah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery, National Orthopedic Hospital, Enugu."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Adebola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aminu Kano University Teaching Hospital."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Akintububo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Federal Medical Center, Gombe."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Federal Medical Center Nguru."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O.O.","family":"Adeosun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Federal Medical Center Nguru."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.O.","family":"Ogunlewe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Lagos."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.L.","family":"Ladeinde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Lagos."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.O.","family":"Mofikoya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Ear, Nose and Throat, Department of Surgery;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.O.","family":"Adeyemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Lagos."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O.A.","family":"Ekhaguere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Emeka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Lagos."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.A.","family":"Awoyale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health and Primary Care, University of Lagos."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-12-135","unstructured":"African Peer Review Mechanism Report. 2008. 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