{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T04:14:45Z","timestamp":1777522485027,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine whether children with repaired cleft palate and adequate velopharyngeal closure exhibit abrupt laryngeal engagement during stop plosive-vowel transitions as compared with children without cleft palate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A prospective group design was used with convenience sampling of patients at a university craniofacial center.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants were 25 children (15 boys, 10 girls) with repaired cleft palate (mean age = 10.9 years, standard deviation = 1.5 years) and 20 children (10 boys, 10 girls) without cleft palate (mean age = 10.8 years, standard deviation = 1.8 years). All children with cleft palate had adequate velopharyngeal closure as determined by aerodynamic testing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>(1) Peak oral airflow was determined during the release of \/t\/ in the word \u201ctwo\u201d during a counting task. (2) An index of laryngeal engagement defined as the ratio of the maximum oral airflow declination to peak oral airflow was calculated during the release of \/t\/. (3) Sound pressure level was determined during the vowel of the word \u201ctwo.\u201d<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children with cleft palate exhibited significantly more negative laryngeal engagement ratios (i.e., more abrupt adduction) ( P = .002) and greater sound pressure level ( P = .049) than controls. There was a significant negative relationship between laryngeal engagement and sound pressure level for all children ( r = -.428, P = .003).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children with repaired cleft palate and adequate velopharyngeal function appear to use a strategy of abrupt laryngeal adduction during stop plosive-vowel transitions. This strategy\u2014perhaps learned even prior to palate surgery\u2014may help to achieve either adequate sound pressure level and\/or velopharyngeal closure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1597\/12-179","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,26]],"date-time":"2013-04-26T09:23:40Z","timestamp":1366968220000},"page":"98-104","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Abrupt Laryngeal Engagement during Stop Plosive-Vowel Transitions in Children with Repaired Cleft Palate and Adequate Velopharyngeal Closure: Aerodynamic and Sound Pressure Level Evidence"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"David J.","family":"Zajac","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Craniofacial Center, Department of Dental Ecology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Milholland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina Craniofacial Center. She is currently Speech-Language Pathologist, Speechcenter, Inc., Winston-Salem, North Carolina."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-12-179","first-page":"80","volume-title":"Clinical Management of Sensorimotor Speech Disorders.","author":"Barlow S.M.","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr2-12-179","first-page":"219","volume-title":"The Handbook of Clinical Speech Physiology.","author":"Barlow S.M.","year":"1999"},{"key":"bibr3-12-179","first-page":"63","volume":"14","author":"Bernthal J.","year":"1977","journal-title":"Cleft Palate J."},{"key":"bibr4-12-179","volume-title":"The Voice and Voice Therapy.","author":"Boone D.R.","year":"1994","edition":"5"},{"key":"bibr5-12-179","first-page":"301","volume":"20","author":"Cavagna C.","year":"1965","journal-title":"J Appl Phys."},{"key":"bibr6-12-179","volume-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences.","author":"Cohen J.","year":"1988","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr7-12-179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-1997(97)80019-7"},{"key":"bibr8-12-179","volume-title":"Cleft Palate and Communication.","author":"Curtis J.","year":"1968"},{"key":"bibr9-12-179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198804000-00016","volume":"98","author":"D'Antonio L.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Laryngoscope."},{"key":"bibr10-12-179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-011-9389-2"},{"key":"bibr11-12-179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_2001_038_0358_napdtv_2.0.co_2"},{"key":"bibr12-12-179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_2000_037_0061_laricp_2.3.co_2"},{"key":"bibr13-12-179","first-page":"267","volume":"10","author":"Hamlet S.","year":"1973","journal-title":"Cleft Palate J."},{"key":"bibr14-12-179","volume-title":"Preclinical Speech Science: Anatomy, Physiology, Acoustics, Perception.","author":"Hixon T.J.","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr15-12-179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshd.2102.218"},{"key":"bibr16-12-179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.0701.17"},{"key":"bibr17-12-179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000263142"},{"key":"bibr18-12-179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1918503"},{"key":"bibr19-12-179","first-page":"201","volume":"8","author":"Marks C.","year":"1971","journal-title":"Cleft Palate J."},{"key":"bibr20-12-179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-196912000-00003"},{"key":"bibr21-12-179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshd.4602.138"},{"key":"bibr22-12-179","first-page":"251","volume":"23","author":"Warren D.W.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Cleft Palate J."},{"key":"bibr23-12-179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.3203.566"},{"key":"bibr24-12-179","volume-title":"Voice Problems of Children.","author":"Wilson D.K.","year":"1987","edition":"3"},{"key":"bibr25-12-179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_1995_032_0138_laricw_2.3.co_2"},{"key":"bibr26-12-179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_2000_037_0468_pfcoma_2.0.co_2"},{"key":"bibr27-12-179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2004\/059)"}],"container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1597\/12-179","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1597\/12-179","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1597\/12-179","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:17:47Z","timestamp":1777393067000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1597\/12-179"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1597\/12-179"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1597\/12-179","relation":{},"ISSN":["1055-6656","1545-1569"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1055-6656","type":"print"},{"value":"1545-1569","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]}}}