{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T13:49:56Z","timestamp":1778507396789,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,1]],"date-time":"2014-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1409529600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the use of RPL and LAHSHAL coding systems by individuals not specialized in craniofacial abnormalities to code cleft lip and palate (CLP). The effectiveness of system use by referring services and the electronic medical record (EMR) applicability of other CLP systems was evaluated by literature review and testing data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design and Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The RPL and LAHSHAL systems were presented together to a sample of medical students ( n = 28) and neonatal intensive care unit nurses ( n = 24) from Loma Linda University. Following the presentation, a test assessing the application of each system was administered. A second assessment of the medical students ( n = 23) 2 weeks after the initial presentation evaluated system retention. Scores were compared using t test ( P \u2264 .05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both the medical students and nurses used RPL more accurately than LAHSHAL in the first assessment (76.9% versus 45.2%, P &lt; .001; 46.6% versus 22.5%, P &lt; .001). Medical students again used RPL more accurately at the 2-week assessment (72.2% versus 43.7%, P &lt; .001). Accuracy of use within each system was not significantly different between the two assessments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our test results and literature review indicate that, when compared with LAHSHAL, RPL is more easily and accurately used by representatives not specialized in abnormalities in CLP; therefore, RPL may be a more effective system for nonspecialist health care providers to improve the accuracy of referrals and simple EMR documentation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1597\/12-192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,26]],"date-time":"2013-04-26T09:23:40Z","timestamp":1366968220000},"page":"540-543","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Use of Two Cleft Lip and Palate Classification Systems by Nonsubspecialized Health Care Providers"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Billy C.","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Hakimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, California."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark C.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, California."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-12-192","volume-title":"Cleft Lip and Palate.","author":"Brophy T.W.","year":"1923"},{"key":"bibr2-12-192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1922.02640160043014"},{"key":"bibr3-12-192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-196201000-00005"},{"key":"bibr4-12-192","volume-title":"Cleft Lip\/Palate and Craniofacial Anomalies, 1999\u20132005.","author":"Johar A.A.","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr5-12-192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-197105000-00010"},{"key":"bibr6-12-192","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Advanced Workshop \u201cWhat is a Cleft?\u201d","author":"Kriens O.","year":"1989"},{"key":"bibr7-12-192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_2002_039_0353_cocmip_2.0.co_2"},{"key":"bibr8-12-192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/06-140.1"},{"key":"bibr9-12-192","first-page":"51","volume-title":"Cleft Craft: The Evolution of Its Surgery.","volume":"1","author":"Millard DR","year":"1976"},{"key":"bibr10-12-192","first-page":"31","volume":"8","author":"Santiago A.","year":"1970","journal-title":"Rev Odontol P R."},{"key":"bibr11-12-192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_1993_030_0330_aasnrs_2.3.co_2"},{"key":"bibr12-12-192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199811000-00005"},{"key":"bibr13-12-192","volume-title":"Division palatine. Anatomie\u2013Chirurgie.","author":"Veau V.","year":"1931"}],"container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1597\/12-192","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1597\/12-192","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1597\/12-192","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:18:01Z","timestamp":1777393081000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1597\/12-192"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1597\/12-192"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1597\/12-192","relation":{},"ISSN":["1055-6656","1545-1569"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1055-6656","type":"print"},{"value":"1545-1569","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]}}}