{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T16:40:57Z","timestamp":1791996057035,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,1]],"date-time":"2014-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1409529600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess whether individuals born to consanguineous parents had a higher frequency of nonsyndromic orofacial clefts compared with those with no parental consanguinity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A prespecified plan for a search strategy, inclusion\/exclusion criteria, and data extraction from studies reporting consanguinity in relation to nonsyndromic orofacial clefts (NSOFC) was carried out. Papers reporting observational studies with control populations were included, without language restrictions, and these reports were assessed for quality. Sensitivity analyses using subgroups, homogeneity evaluation, and assessment of publication bias were carried out, and meta-analyses of extracted data were performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixteen studies fulfilled the selection criteria and were included in the metaanalyses. There were statistically significant relationships between consanguinity and NSOFC for all 16 studies combined ( P = .0003), with odds ratio (OR) = 1.83 and 95% confidence interval (CI) = (1.31, 2.54); 10 case-control studies ( P = .006), with OR = 2.06 and 95% CI = (1.23, 3.46); six cross-sectional studies ( P = .03), with OR = 1.34 and 95% CI = (1.02, 1.76); first cousins consanguineous marriages ( P = .04), with OR = 1.40 and 95% CI = (1.01, 1.93); cleft palate alone ( P = .01), with OR = 1.89 and 95% CI = (1.14, 3.13); and cleft lip with or without cleft palate cases ( P = .002), with OR = 1.56 and 95% CI = (1.18, 2.07).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although there was a high level of study heterogeneity, the evidence is consistent in suggesting that consanguinity is a risk factor for NSOFC, with an overall OR of 1.83 (95% CI, 1.31 to 2.54), implying that there was almost twice the risk of a child with NSOFC being born if there was parental consanguinity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1597\/12-209","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,3]],"date-time":"2013-05-03T00:22:52Z","timestamp":1367540572000},"page":"501-513","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Parental Consanguinity and Nonsyndromic Orofacial Clefts in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Heba J.","family":"Sabbagh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Dundee University, Scotland, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mona Hassan","family":"Ahmed Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola P. T.","family":"Innes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alaa Al","family":"Baik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter A.","family":"Mossey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-12-209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0544.2002.02203.x"},{"key":"bibr2-12-209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02724936.1997.11747879"},{"key":"bibr3-12-209","volume-title":"Cleft Lip and Craniofacial Anomalies Registry Cumulative Report.","author":"Al-Johar A.","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr4-12-209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/06-246.1"},{"key":"bibr5-12-209","volume-title":"The Association Between Orofacial Clefts and Consanguinity in Saudi Arabia.","author":"Alsahafi Y.A.","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr6-12-209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2391(89)90115-8"},{"key":"bibr7-12-209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-0004.2001.600201.x"},{"key":"bibr8-12-209","volume-title":"Empirical Estimates of the Global Prevalence of Consanguineous Marriages in Contemporary Societies.","author":"Bittles A.H.","year":"1998"},{"key":"bibr9-12-209","volume-title":"Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Version 2.0","author":"Borenstein M.","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr10-12-209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0007-1226(93)90198-K"},{"key":"bibr11-12-209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420380603"},{"key":"bibr12-12-209","volume-title":"Aetiological Studies of Isolated Common Congenital Abnormalities in Hungary.","author":"Czeizel E.","year":"1984"},{"key":"bibr13-12-209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470693926"},{"key":"bibr14-12-209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PRS.0000117184.77459.2B"},{"key":"bibr15-12-209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.32.8.623"},{"key":"bibr16-12-209","first-page":"522","volume":"28","author":"Fraser F.","year":"1976","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet."},{"key":"bibr17-12-209","first-page":"253","volume":"46","author":"Glinka J.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Zur beziehung zwischen lippen-und gaumenspalte und verwandtenehen."},{"key":"bibr18-12-209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2334\/josnusd.50.123"},{"key":"bibr19-12-209","first-page":"999","volume":"34","author":"Hu D.N.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet."},{"key":"bibr20-12-209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021932098002612"},{"key":"bibr21-12-209","first-page":"12","volume":"1","author":"Jaber L.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Community Genet."},{"key":"bibr22-12-209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-0004.2002.610609.x"},{"key":"bibr23-12-209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-4388.37013"},{"key":"bibr24-12-209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/gte.2007.0093"},{"key":"bibr25-12-209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199112000-00002"},{"key":"bibr26-12-209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1806-83242009000100006"},{"key":"bibr27-12-209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2011.11.013"},{"key":"bibr28-12-209","volume-title":"Global Registry and Database on Craniofacial Anomalies: Report of a WHO Registry Meeting on Craniofacial Anomalies, Bauru, Brazil, 4\u20136 December 2001.","author":"Mossey P.","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr29-12-209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-0358.57182"},{"key":"bibr30-12-209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195139068.003.0012","volume-title":"Cleft Lip and Palate From Origin to Treatment.","author":"Mossey P.A.","year":"2002"},{"key":"bibr31-12-209","volume-title":"Review Manager (RevMan)","author":"Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration.","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr32-12-209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01799576"},{"key":"bibr33-12-209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.24.6.362"},{"key":"bibr34-12-209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_2000_037_0191_aesooc_2.3.co_2"},{"key":"bibr35-12-209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-0358.73443"},{"key":"bibr36-12-209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-8628(20010722)102:1<36::AID-AJMG1394>3.0.CO;2-M"},{"key":"bibr37-12-209","volume-title":"Publication Bias in Metaanalysis.","author":"Rothstein H.R.","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr38-12-209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03014460310001652211"},{"key":"bibr39-12-209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2011.11.001"},{"key":"bibr40-12-209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.21658"},{"key":"bibr41-12-209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.28.5.325"},{"key":"bibr42-12-209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009126"},{"key":"bibr43-12-209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4755-6-17"},{"key":"bibr44-12-209","first-page":"25","volume":"14","author":"Taghavi N.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Iranian Red Crescent Med J."},{"key":"bibr45-12-209","volume-title":"The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses.","author":"Wells G.A.","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr46-12-209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-7622-5-23"},{"key":"bibr47-12-209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/09-035"},{"key":"bibr48-12-209","first-page":"445","volume":"23","author":"Zeiton I.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Bulletin of the High Institute of Public Health."},{"key":"bibr49-12-209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8628(19970211)68:4<472::AID-AJMG20>3.0.CO;2-O"}],"container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1597\/12-209","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1597\/12-209","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1597\/12-209","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:18:01Z","timestamp":1777393081000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1597\/12-209"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1597\/12-209"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1597\/12-209","relation":{},"ISSN":["1055-6656","1545-1569"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1055-6656","type":"print"},{"value":"1545-1569","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]}}}