{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T04:17:46Z","timestamp":1777522666971,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,1]],"date-time":"2015-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1430438400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To identify the contribution of TGFA gene variants to the risk of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without palate (NS-CL\u00b1P).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The samples were from 142 Korean NS-CL\u00b1P families and 119 control parents having nonaffected children. Minor allele frequency, heterozygosity, and \u03c7\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      test for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were calculated for each of 10 selected single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Ten SNPs were used to examine the association of case-parent trios with the transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) and conditional logistic regression models (CLRMs). Both allelic and genotypic TDTs for individual SNPs and sliding windows of haplotypes consisting of two to five SNPs were tested using family- and haplotype-based association test programs. Genotypic odd ratios (GORs) were obtained from CLRMs using STATA software. The parent-of-origin effect was evaluated for 10 SNPs, and a comparison between 218 case parents and 119 control parents was performed to investigate paternal and maternal ORs.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Family-based TDT and haplotype analysis exhibited no statistical significance, but a relatively meaningful association was shown with rs3771497 (all P &lt; .05; two SNPs, rs3771497 and rs3755377; five SNPs, rs3771497, rs3755377, rs3771485, rs11466212, and rs3771475). G\/G homozygotes at rs3771497 have a significant decreased risk of NS-CL\u00b1P (GOR = 0.30, P &lt; .01). No SNPs showed parent-of-origin effects. However, in the comparison between case parents and control parents, a single-marker analysis of maternal line showed a significant association with NS-CL\u00b1P in rs3771497 ( P &lt; .001, recessive model).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The association of the TGFA gene with NS-CL\u00b1P in Korean populations was not clearly found. However, the etiologic effect of the TGFA gene on NS-CL\u00b1P patients should be investigated in terms of maternal genotype influence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1597\/13-067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,7]],"date-time":"2014-05-07T18:13:47Z","timestamp":1399486427000},"page":"293-300","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Genetic Effect of Transforming Growth Factor Alpha Gene Variants on the Risk of Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip with or without Palate in Korean Populations"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Bo-Mi","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young Ho","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, The Institute of Oral Health Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong-Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon Province, South Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ji Wan","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon Province, South Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seung-Hak","family":"Baek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South 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