{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T18:27:08Z","timestamp":1793298428721,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the cognitive-linguistic processes underlying spelling performance of children with cleft lip and\/or palate with those of typically developing children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An assessment battery including tests of hearing, articulation, verbal short-term and working memory, and phonological awareness, as well as word and nonword spelling, was administered to both groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 15 children with nonsyndromic cleft lip and\/or palate were case-matched by age and sex to 15 typically developing children. The children were aged between 6 and 8 years and were bilingual, with English the dominant language.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Wilcoxon signed-rank tests revealed that the performance of children with cleft lip and\/or palate was significantly poorer on phoneme deletion and nonword spelling ( P &lt; .05) compared with typically developing children. Spearman correlation analyses revealed different relationships between the cognitive-linguistic and spelling measures for the cleft lip and\/or palate and typically developing groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children with cleft lip and\/or palate underachieve in phonological awareness and spelling skills. To facilitate early intervention for literacy problems, speech-language pathologists should routinely assess the cognitive-linguistic processing of children with cleft lip and\/or palate, especially phonological awareness, as part of their case management protocols.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1597\/13-120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,3]],"date-time":"2014-03-03T13:08:43Z","timestamp":1393852123000},"page":"70-81","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Spelling Processes of Children with Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip and\/or Palate: A Preliminary Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Karen Shi","family":"Mei Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, KK Hospital, Singapore."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Selena Ee-Li","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Graduate Medical Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, and Head and Senior Principal Speech Therapist, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, KK Hospital, Singapore, and Department of Otolaryngology, National University Health System, Singapore."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan Jane","family":"Rickard Liow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, is Programme Director of the MSc (Speech and Language Pathology) at the National University of Singapore."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison Anne","family":"Purcell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Speech Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia, and Certified Practicing Speech Pathologist, Sydney, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-13-120","volume-title":"Automated Working Memory Assessment.","author":"Alloway T.P.","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr2-13-120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2006.00968.x"},{"key":"bibr3-13-120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-2089L"},{"key":"bibr4-13-120","unstructured":"American Academy of Audiology. Childhood hearing screening guidelines. Available at http:\/\/www.audiology.org\/resources\/documentlibrary\/Documents\/ChildhoodScreeningGuidelines.pdf. Accessed October 10, 2011."},{"key":"bibr5-13-120","unstructured":"American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. Guidelines for audiologic screening. Available at http:\/\/www.asha.org\/docs\/html\/GL1997-00199.html. Accessed October 10, 2011."},{"key":"bibr6-13-120","first-page":"47","volume-title":"The Psychology of Learning and Motivation: Advances in Research and Theory.","author":"Baddeley A.D.","year":"1974"},{"key":"bibr7-13-120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2011.03936.x"},{"key":"bibr8-13-120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.130.6.858"},{"key":"bibr9-13-120","first-page":"173","volume-title":"Learning to Spell: Research, Theory, and Practice Across Languages.","author":"Bosman A.M.T.","year":"1997"},{"key":"bibr10-13-120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2004.12.002"},{"key":"bibr11-13-120","volume-title":"The Singapore Pro-Ed Chart.","author":"Brebner C.","year":"1996"},{"key":"bibr12-13-120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_1998_035_0127_ldsaag_2.3.co_2"},{"key":"bibr13-13-120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jslhr.4103.676"},{"key":"bibr14-13-120","volume-title":"Learning Disabilities in the Cleft Lip and Palate Population.","author":"Buckenberger L.M.","year":"1990"},{"key":"bibr15-13-120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jecp.1998.2450"},{"key":"bibr16-13-120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jmla.2000.2785"},{"key":"bibr17-13-120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(99)00152-2"},{"key":"bibr18-13-120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/08-172.1"},{"key":"bibr19-13-120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsp047"},{"key":"bibr20-13-120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09297040802691120"},{"key":"bibr21-13-120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.3702.264"},{"key":"bibr22-13-120","volume-title":"The Self-Organizing Lexical Acquisition and Recognition (SOLAR) Model of Visual Word Recognition.","author":"Davis C.","year":"1999"},{"key":"bibr23-13-120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3366\/edinburgh\/9780748625444.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr24-13-120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1360641701002532"},{"key":"bibr25-13-120","volume-title":"Diagnostic Evaluation of Articulation and Phonology.","author":"Dodd B.","year":"2002"},{"key":"bibr26-13-120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1598\/RRQ.36.3.2"},{"key":"bibr27-13-120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/87565649009540457"},{"key":"bibr28-13-120","volume-title":"Discovering Statistics Using SPSS.","author":"Field A.P.","year":"2009","edition":"3"},{"key":"bibr29-13-120","volume-title":"The Language Abilities of Cantonese-Speaking Children With Cleft Palate: A Pilot Study.","author":"Fong Y.T.","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr30-13-120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/04-086.1"},{"key":"bibr31-13-120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lindif.2010.10.005"},{"key":"bibr32-13-120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2005.08.003"},{"key":"bibr33-13-120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/0161-1461(2005\/031)"},{"key":"bibr34-13-120","volume-title":"Phonological Awareness: From Research to Practice.","author":"Gillon G.T.","year":"2004"},{"key":"bibr35-13-120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/05-043"},{"key":"bibr36-13-120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02699208808985245"},{"key":"bibr37-13-120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/136132898805577278"},{"key":"bibr38-13-120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13682829609031326"},{"key":"bibr39-13-120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0749-596X(91)90032-F"},{"key":"bibr40-13-120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0142716408080235"},{"key":"bibr41-13-120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.97.4.529","volume":"97","author":"Jocelyn L.J.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"key":"bibr42-13-120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19404150902783450"},{"key":"bibr43-13-120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_2000_037_0348_saliit_2.3.co_2"},{"key":"bibr44-13-120","volume-title":"Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Anomalies: Effects on Speech and Resonance.","author":"Kummer A.W.","year":"2008","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr45-13-120","first-page":"367","volume":"10","author":"Lamb M.","year":"1973","journal-title":"Cleft Palate J."},{"key":"bibr46-13-120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/136828200247133"},{"key":"bibr47-13-120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2006\/093)"},{"key":"bibr48-13-120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.90.2.294"},{"key":"bibr49-13-120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/08-223.1"},{"key":"bibr50-13-120","volume-title":"The NICHD Research Program in Reading Development, Reading Disorders and Reading Instruction.","author":"Lyon R.G.","year":"1999"},{"key":"bibr51-13-120","first-page":"447","volume-title":"Handbook of Research on Writing.","author":"McCutchen D.","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr52-13-120","first-page":"236","volume-title":"Cleft Palate Speech.","author":"McWilliams B.J.","year":"1990","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr53-13-120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1058-0360(2002\/009)"},{"key":"bibr54-13-120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_2003_040_0460_ppalso_2.0.co_2"},{"key":"bibr55-13-120","first-page":"639","volume":"7","author":"Nation J.E.","year":"1970","journal-title":"Cleft Palate J."},{"key":"bibr56-13-120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/09-047"},{"key":"bibr57-13-120","volume-title":"Cleft Palate Speech.","author":"Peterson-Falzone S.J.","year":"2001","edition":"3"},{"key":"bibr58-13-120","volume-title":"Working Memory Test Battery for Children (WMTB-C).","author":"Pickering S.","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr59-13-120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2008.02.004"},{"key":"bibr60-13-120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02724980244000099"},{"key":"bibr61-13-120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1529-1006.00004"},{"key":"bibr62-13-120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_1995_032_0099_ndiaca_2.3.co_2"},{"key":"bibr63-13-120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1064282"},{"key":"bibr64-13-120","first-page":"603","volume-title":"Handbook of Clinical Child Psychology.","author":"Richman L.C.","year":"2001","edition":"3"},{"key":"bibr65-13-120","first-page":"21","volume":"25","author":"Richman L.C.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Cleft Palate J."},{"key":"bibr66-13-120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_2003_040_0154_dtrdoc_2.0.co_2"},{"key":"bibr67-13-120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/04-128r.1"},{"key":"bibr68-13-120","first-page":"215","volume-title":"Reading Development in Chinese Children.","author":"Rickard Liow S.J.","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr69-13-120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-16143"},{"key":"bibr70-13-120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.16.2007"},{"key":"bibr71-13-120","first-page":"97","volume-title":"Handbook of Early Literacy Research.","author":"Scarborough H.S.","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr72-13-120","volume-title":"Schonell Spelling Test.","author":"Schonell F.J.","year":"1965"},{"key":"bibr73-13-120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9817.2007.00359.x"},{"key":"bibr74-13-120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/25.3.185"},{"key":"bibr75-13-120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13682828209012219"},{"key":"bibr76-13-120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-0965(92)90034-4"},{"key":"bibr77-13-120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8721.00067"},{"key":"bibr78-13-120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00011363-200020030-00004"},{"key":"bibr79-13-120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1131847"},{"key":"bibr80-13-120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/06-207.1"},{"key":"bibr81-13-120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9450.1995.tb00970.x"},{"key":"bibr82-13-120","first-page":"216","volume":"24","author":"Vanderas A.P.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Cleft Palate J."},{"key":"bibr83-13-120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.85.1.83"},{"key":"bibr84-13-120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2009.01084.x"},{"key":"bibr85-13-120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/cicsd_34_F_94"},{"key":"bibr86-13-120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.1998.tb06247.x"},{"key":"bibr87-13-120","volume-title":"Wide Range Achievement Test 4 (WRAT-4).","author":"Wilkinson G.S.","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr88-13-120","volume-title":"Phonological Awareness, Speech, and Language Skills in Children With Clefts.","author":"Wilson K.","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr89-13-120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0144341980180301"},{"key":"bibr90-13-120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0022437"},{"key":"bibr91-13-120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2011.12.006"},{"key":"bibr92-13-120","first-page":"655","volume":"28","author":"Yi N.N.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Acad Med Singapore."},{"key":"bibr93-13-120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/747800"},{"key":"bibr94-13-120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2010.01.014"},{"key":"bibr95-13-120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2012\/10-0320)"}],"container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1597\/13-120","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1597\/13-120","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1597\/13-120","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:18:13Z","timestamp":1777393093000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1597\/13-120"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"references-count":95,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1597\/13-120"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1597\/13-120","relation":{},"ISSN":["1055-6656","1545-1569"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1055-6656","type":"print"},{"value":"1545-1569","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]}}}