{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T22:23:46Z","timestamp":1791671026199,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Comparison of global versus landmark analyses of facial asymmetry using three-dimensional photogrammetry to establish a precise method for evaluating facial asymmetry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The landmark-based approach utilized anthropometric data points. Our global approach involved registration of mirror images, independent of a midplane, to calculate a root mean square (RMS) value. We analyzed precision and technical and operator error of both methods.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three hundred fifty adults participated in this study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found that the global method has better precision and repeatability with a significantly lower error rate than the landmark-based method. In adults, the average RMS was 0.6253 mm with a standard deviation of 0.16.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our facial asymmetry measurement is more accurate than landmark-based measurements. This method is quick, reliable, and results in generation of a RMS score and a corresponding color-coded facial map that highlights regions of higher and lower asymmetry. This method may be used as a screening tool for asymmetry in both the clinical and research settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1597\/13-353","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,9]],"date-time":"2014-12-09T09:55:20Z","timestamp":1418118920000},"page":"126-131","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Quantitative Assessment of Facial Asymmetry Using Three-Dimensional Surface Imaging in Adults: Validating the Precision and Repeatability of a Global Approach"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Davida","family":"Kornreich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adele A.","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryn D.","family":"Webb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid","family":"Cristian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nemours Children's Hospital, Assistant Professor, Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ethylin Wang","family":"Jabs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New 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