{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T07:26:40Z","timestamp":1778138800402,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To develop a yardstick of reference photographs for nasolabial appearance assessments of 5- to 7-year-old patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (CUCLP).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Blind retrospective analysis of clinical records and comparison to historical controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Subjects were two groups of 6- to 12-year-olds (n = 124 and n = 135) and one group of 5- to 7-year-olds (n = 149) with nonsyndromic CUCLP from three previous Americleft studies, including cohorts from seven different cleft\/craniofacial centers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All patients received the infant management protocols of their respective centers. Eleven trained and calibrated judges (five participated in all three studies) did blind ratings of nasolabial appearance using the Asher-McDade method.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients receiving the most consistent ratings between judges, selected first from the groups of 6- to 12-year-olds, were used to create a pilot yardstick for eventual use in the third study of 5- to 7-year-olds. For each of the Asher-McDade categories, 8 of the 5- to 7-year-old patients receiving the most consistent scores between raters were ranked by 10 judges for a final elimination to leave three per category.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using this method of successive changes in rating methods, a new reference yardstick for nasolabial appearance rating was established and linked to the original Asher-McDade method as well as the single examples in a previously published yardstick for patients with CUCLP. Pilot testing using the yardstick improved reliabilities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Use of an expanded nasolabial yardstick of reference photographs representative of the range of possibilities of each of the five Asher-McDade categories is now available to see if reliability of these ratings can be improved.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1597\/14-017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,6]],"date-time":"2015-04-06T12:18:50Z","timestamp":1428322730000},"page":"30-37","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["The Americleft Project: A Proposed Expanded Nasolabial Appearance Yardstick for 5- to 7-Year-Old Patients with Complete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate (CUCLP)"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"A.M.","family":"Mercado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthodontics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.A.","family":"Russell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Cleft Palate Team, Dalhousie University\/IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Daskalogiannakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.R.","family":"Hathaway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Craniofacial Plastic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Semb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Ozawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de Reabilita\u00e7\u00e3o de Anomalias Craniofaciais Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Bauru, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lancaster Cleft Palate Clinic, Lancaster, Pennsylvania."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.Y.","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Louis Cleft-Craniofacial Center, SSM Cardinal Glennon Children's Medical Center, St. Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"R.E.","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lancaster Cleft Palate Clinic, Lancaster, Pennsylvania."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-14-017","unstructured":"AltmanD.G. Practical Statistics for Medical Research. London: Chapman & Hall; 1991: 403\u2013409."},{"key":"bibr2-14-017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_1992_029_0409_asciso_2.3.co_2"},{"key":"bibr3-14-017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_1991_028_0385_doamfr_2.3.co_2"},{"key":"bibr4-14-017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_1997_034_0242_anifas_2.3.co_2"},{"key":"bibr5-14-017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22488\/okstate.93.100504"},{"key":"bibr6-14-017","author":"Daskalogiannakis J.","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Americleft Project: burden of care analysis of various infant orthopedic protocols for improvement of nasolabial aesthetics in patients with CUCLP."},{"key":"bibr7-14-017","author":"Hathaway R.R.","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Americleft Project: use of a standardized outcome measure of dental arch relationships (Goslon) to allow international interstudy comparisons."},{"key":"bibr8-14-017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e3181b3ed9c"},{"key":"bibr9-14-017","author":"Long RE","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Americleft Project: a modification of Asher-McDade method for rating nasolabial esthetics in patients with CUCLP."},{"key":"bibr10-14-017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_1992_029_0405_asciso_2.3.co_2"},{"key":"bibr11-14-017","first-page":"314","volume":"24","author":"Mars M.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Cleft Palate J."},{"key":"bibr12-14-017","author":"Mercado A.","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Americleft Project: an expansion of the Americleft intercenter comparisons of nasolabial appearance outcomes to include a center using NAM as part of its primary protocol."},{"key":"bibr13-14-017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/09-186.1"},{"key":"bibr14-14-017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2007.04.011"},{"key":"bibr15-14-017","volume-title":"The Study of Behavior.","author":"Stephenson W.","year":"1953"}],"container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1597\/14-017","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1597\/14-017","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1597\/14-017","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:18:42Z","timestamp":1777393122000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1597\/14-017"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1597\/14-017"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1597\/14-017","relation":{},"ISSN":["1055-6656","1545-1569"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1055-6656","type":"print"},{"value":"1545-1569","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]}}}