{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T06:57:15Z","timestamp":1790837835817,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]],"date-time":"2017-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488326400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Cleft lip and\/or palate (CL\/P) is phenotypically diverse, making classification difficult. This article explores the evolution of ideas regarding CL\/P classification and includes the schemes described by Davis and Ritchie (1922) , Brophy (1923) , Veau (1931) , Fogh-Andersen (1943), Kernahan and Stark (1958) , Harkins et al. (1962) , Broadbent et al. (1968), Spina (1973) , and others. Based on these systems, a longhand structured form is proposed for describing CL\/P in a way that is clear, comprehensive, and consistent. A complementary shorthand notation is also described to improve the utility and convenience of this structured form.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1597\/14-080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,4]],"date-time":"2015-09-04T10:03:47Z","timestamp":1441361027000},"page":"175-188","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":166,"title":["Classification of Cleft Lip\/Palate: Then and Now"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Alexander C.","family":"Allori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic, Maxillofacial & Oral Surgery, Duke University Hospital & Children's Health Center, Durham, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John B.","family":"Mulliken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic, Maxillofacial & Oral Surgery, Duke University Hospital & Children's Health Center, Durham, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John G.","family":"Meara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic & Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Shusterman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Dental School, Boston, Massachusetts."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey R.","family":"Marcus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic, Maxillofacial & Oral Surgery, Duke University Hospital & Children's Health Center, Durham, North Carolina."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-14-080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1778278","volume":"8","author":"Balakrishnan C.","year":"1975","journal-title":"Ind J Plast Surg."},{"key":"bibr2-14-080","author":"Broadbent T.R.","year":"1969","journal-title":"Report of the Subcommittee on Nomenclature and Classification of Clefts of Lip, Alveolus and Palate and Proposals for Further Activities. 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