{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T10:10:39Z","timestamp":1790763039718,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,1]],"date-time":"2015-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1446336000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Observations of wild chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) were conducted in Kibale National Park, Uganda, at the sites of Sebitoli and Ngogo.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We report the first two cases of cleft lip in wild chimpanzees. Additionally, some other chimpanzees in the Sebitoli community show facial dysplasia and congenital anomalies, such as patches of depigmented hairs and limb defects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cleft lip has been documented in several species of nonhuman primates, but much remains unknown about the occurrence of cleft lip and cleft palate in great apes, probably because such malformations are rare, wild apes are difficult to monitor and observe, and severe cases associated with cleft palates render suckling impossible and lead to early death of infants. The genetic basis of such defects in great apes warrants investigation, as does the possibility that environmental toxins contribute to their etiology in Kibale in ways that could affect humans as well.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1597\/14-188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,22]],"date-time":"2014-12-22T12:56:45Z","timestamp":1419253005000},"page":"743-750","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Two Cases of Cleft Lip and Other Congenital Anomalies in Wild Chimpanzees Living in Kibale National Park, Uganda"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Krief","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Museum national d'histoire naturelle (MNHN) UMR 7206 MNHN\/CNRS\/P7, Eco-anthropologie et d'ethnobiologie, CP 135, MNHN, Paris, France, UWA Sebitoli Station, Kibale National Park, Fort Portal, Uganda."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David P.","family":"Watts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John C.","family":"Mitani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Michel","family":"Krief","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PCGS, Fort Portal, Uganda."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Cibot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 7206, Paris, France, and PCGS, Fort Portal, Uganda."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Bortolamiol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 7206, Paris, France, and PCGS, Fort Portal, Uganda, and UMR 7533 Laboratoire Dynamiques Sociales et Recomposition des Espaces, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew G.","family":"Seguya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uganda Wildlife Authority, Kamwokya, Kampala, Uganda."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00e9rard","family":"Couly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes, Institut de la Bouche et du Visage de l'Enfant, H\u00f4pital Universitaire Necker 149, Paris, France, and UMR 7221 CNRS\/MNHN, Evolution des regulations endocriniennes, Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris Cedex 5, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-14-188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000459712"},{"key":"bibr2-14-188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000460050"},{"key":"bibr3-14-188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0102177"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr4-14-188","first-page":"409","volume":"67","author":"Boyd J.D.","year":"1933","journal-title":"J Anat."},{"key":"bibr5-14-188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2345(200003)50:3<169::AID-AJP1>3.0.CO;2-P"},{"key":"bibr6-14-188","volume-title":"Atlas des pathologies oro-maxillo-faciales de l'enfant.","author":"Couly G.","year":"2013"},{"key":"bibr7-14-188","first-page":"3","volume":"83","author":"Couly G.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Rev Stomat Chir Maxillo-Fac."},{"key":"bibr8-14-188","volume-title":"D\u00e9veloppement c\u00e9phalique. Embryologie, g\u00e9n\u00e9tique, croissance et pathologie.","author":"Couly G.","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr9-14-188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/10-119"},{"key":"bibr10-14-188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2933"},{"key":"bibr11-14-188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2011.08.005"},{"key":"bibr12-14-188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0684.2011.00472.x"},{"key":"bibr13-14-188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009729"},{"key":"bibr14-14-188","first-page":"344","volume":"117","author":"Giacoia J.P.","year":"1969","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child."},{"key":"bibr15-14-188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-185X.1951.tb00774.x"},{"key":"bibr16-14-188","first-page":"357","volume":"49","author":"Goldschmidt B.","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci."},{"key":"bibr17-14-188","volume-title":"Syndromes of the Head and Neck.","author":"Gorlin R.J.","year":"1990"},{"key":"bibr18-14-188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e318231e526"},{"key":"bibr19-14-188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08941920903360372"},{"key":"bibr20-14-188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000155299"},{"key":"bibr21-14-188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0684.1987.tb00329.x"},{"key":"bibr22-14-188","first-page":"16","volume":"25","author":"Jones M.C.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Cleft Palate J."},{"key":"bibr23-14-188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jmp.12129"},{"key":"bibr24-14-188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00265-013-1509-6"},{"key":"bibr25-14-188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511897948"},{"key":"bibr26-14-188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2028.2003.00400.x"},{"key":"bibr27-14-188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2028.2000.00244.x"},{"key":"bibr28-14-188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.100.2.180"},{"key":"bibr29-14-188","unstructured":"MilunskyJ. Waardenburg syndrome type I. Gene Reviews 2001 [Updated 2011 Dec 29]. In: PagonR.A. AdamM.P. ArdingerH.H., eds. GeneReviews [Internet]. Seattle: University of Washington, Seattle; 1993-2014. Available at http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK1531\/. Accessed February 10, 2014."},{"key":"bibr30-14-188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2010.04.021"},{"key":"bibr31-14-188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-0004.2002.610402.x"},{"key":"bibr32-14-188","unstructured":"OMIM. Online Mendelian inheritance in man. Catalogue en ligne des g\u00e8nes et maladies g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques humains. Available at http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.gov\/omim. Accessed February 10, 2014."},{"key":"bibr33-14-188","unstructured":"ORPHANET. Annuaire de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence des maladies et pathologies rares. Available at http:\/\/www.orpha.net. Accessed February 10, 2014."},{"key":"bibr34-14-188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0684.1997.tb00222.x"},{"key":"bibr35-14-188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.21211"},{"key":"bibr36-14-188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-14-363"},{"key":"bibr37-14-188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/002367785780942543"},{"key":"bibr38-14-188","first-page":"965","volume":"1","author":"Schultz A.H.","year":"1956","journal-title":"Primatologia."},{"key":"bibr39-14-188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_1998_035_0436_scpian_2.3.co_2"},{"key":"bibr40-14-188","volume-title":"Ecology of An African Rain Forest: Logging in Kibale and the Conflict Between Conservation and Exploitation.","author":"Struhsaker T.T.","year":"1997"},{"key":"bibr41-14-188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330340314"},{"key":"bibr42-14-188","volume-title":"Ground Census of Mammals in Kibale National Park.","author":"Uganda Wildlife Authority","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr43-14-188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02558140"},{"key":"bibr44-14-188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2028.2009.01197.x"},{"key":"bibr45-14-188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-22514-7_14"},{"key":"bibr46-14-188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9926(199605)53:5<309::AID-TERA5>3.0.CO;2-W"}],"container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1597\/14-188","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1597\/14-188","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1597\/14-188","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:18:40Z","timestamp":1777393120000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1597\/14-188"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1597\/14-188"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1597\/14-188","relation":{},"ISSN":["1055-6656","1545-1569"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1055-6656","type":"print"},{"value":"1545-1569","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]}}}