{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T04:22:12Z","timestamp":1777522932570,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,1]],"date-time":"2016-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1477958400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"\n Objective<\/jats:title>\n The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of age and selected phonetic factors on velar flutter as a component of nasal turbulence in children with repaired cleft palate.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Participants<\/jats:title>\n A total of 30 children with repaired cleft palate with or without cleft lip ranging in age from 4 to 13 years (mean, 8.6 years; standard deviation, 2.4 years) who exhibited nasal turbulence characterized by velar flutter participated in the study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Measures<\/jats:title>\n The headset of a nasometer was used to record the children producing multiple repetitions of consonant-vowel (CV) syllables that contrasted the stops \/p\/ and \/t\/ with the fricatives \/f\/ and \/s\/ and the high-front vowel \/i\/ with the low mid-central vowel \/\u039b\/. All targeted consonants were coded relative to the presence of flutter using both perceptual and spectral criteria. Percentages of syllables coded for flutter were calculated as a function of consonant and vowel types. Intra-and interjudge reliability of coding was high.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Percentages of syllables with velar flutter ranged from a high of 100% to a low of 4% among the participants. A Spearman rank-order correlation between age and percentage of syllables with flutter was nonsignificant. Mantel-Haenszel tests for repeated measures indicated that flutter occurred more often during production of syllables containing \/i\/ (62%) when compared with \/\u039b\/ (50%) ( P = .029).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Velar flutter as a component of nasal turbulence varies widely among children with repaired cleft palate. CV syllables with high vowels appear to trigger velar flutter more often than syllables with low vowels.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1597\/15-110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,29]],"date-time":"2015-09-29T13:08:38Z","timestamp":1443532118000},"page":"649-656","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Age and Phonetic Influences on Velar Flutter as a Component of Nasal Turbulence in Children with Repaired Cleft Palate"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"David J.","family":"Zajac","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Craniofacial Center and the Department of Dental Ecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Preisser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-15-110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.1002.196"},{"key":"bibr2-15-110","unstructured":"BaeY., GuzmanL., RadosevichB., ReyesV. Continuous positive airway pressure therapy-induced reduction in occurrence of posterior nasal fricatives. Poster presented at the Annual Convention of the American Speech Language Hearing Association; November 2014; Orlando, FL."},{"key":"bibr3-15-110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/09-201"},{"key":"bibr4-15-110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.1402.396"},{"key":"bibr5-15-110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_2001_038_0106_nsiniw_2.0.co_2"},{"key":"bibr6-15-110","volume-title":"Therapy Techniques for Cleft Palate Speech and Related Disorders.","author":"Golding-Kushner K.","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr7-15-110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.0202.113"},{"key":"bibr8-15-110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199112000-00003"},{"key":"bibr9-15-110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569(2000)037<0348:SALIIT>2.3.CO;2"},{"key":"bibr10-15-110","volume-title":"Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Anomalies: Effects on Speech and Resonance.","author":"Kummer A.W.","year":"2008","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr11-15-110","volume-title":"Interactive CD-ROM to Accompany Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Anomalies: Effects on Speech and Resonance.","author":"Kummer A.W.","year":"2008","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr12-15-110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_2003_040_0590_trbtco_2.0.co_2"},{"key":"bibr13-15-110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_1992_029_0152_covgsi_2.3.co_2"},{"key":"bibr14-15-110","first-page":"2378","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of Biostatistics.","author":"Landis J.R.","year":"1998"},{"key":"bibr15-15-110","first-page":"1","volume":"5","author":"Lubker J.F.","year":"1968","journal-title":"Cleft Palate J."},{"key":"bibr16-15-110","first-page":"123","volume-title":"Instruction Manual: Nasometer Model 6200-3.","author":"MacKay I.R.A.","year":"1994"},{"key":"bibr17-15-110","author":"Milenkovic P.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Time-frequency for 32-Bit Windows"},{"key":"bibr18-15-110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.0501.30"},{"key":"bibr19-15-110","first-page":"58","volume":"4","author":"Moll K.L.","year":"1967","journal-title":"Cleft Palate J."},{"key":"bibr20-15-110","volume-title":"Cleft Palate Speech.","author":"Peterson-Falzone S.J.","year":"2010","edition":"4"},{"key":"bibr21-15-110","volume-title":"The Clinician's Guide to Treating Cleft Palate Speech.","author":"Peterson-Falzone S.J.","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr22-15-110","volume-title":"The Nose: Upper Airway Physiology and the Atmospheric Environment.","author":"Proctor D.F.","year":"1982"},{"key":"bibr23-15-110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/11-149"},{"key":"bibr24-15-110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.0201.40"},{"key":"bibr25-15-110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.0904.498"},{"key":"bibr26-15-110","first-page":"193","volume":"18","author":"Trost J.E.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Cleft Palate J."},{"key":"bibr27-15-110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_2000_037_0468_pfcoma_2.0.co_2"}],"container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1597\/15-110","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1597\/15-110","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1597\/15-110","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:19:05Z","timestamp":1777393145000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1597\/15-110"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1597\/15-110"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1597\/15-110","relation":{},"ISSN":["1055-6656","1545-1569"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1055-6656","type":"print"},{"value":"1545-1569","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]}}}