{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T04:24:07Z","timestamp":1777523047541,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]],"date-time":"2017-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504224000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Digit ratio (2D:4D) has been considered to be a marker in studies evaluating an individual's susceptibility to diseases, especially those diseases that show sex differences in their occurrence. We aimed to assess whether 2D:4D ratios are associated with nonsyndromic cleft lip and\/or palate (NSCL\/P) and verify the existence of a specific pattern of 2D:4D ratio in individuals affected by orofacial clefts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a case-control study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Digital measurements of index and ring finger lengths of both hands of patients with NSCL\/P (n =54) and age- and gender-matched controls (n = 54) were obtained using a digital vernier caliper. Mean ratios between the second and fourth digits were compared. Data were analyzed by Student's t test and Mann-Whitney test with a significance level of 5%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No significant difference was found between the mean digit ratios of the right and left hands between the groups for any analysis ( P &gt; .05), neither for the whole sample nor for the distributions by type of cleft and by gender.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although the development of the fingers and the occurrence of NSCL\/P can be regulated by the actions of similar genes, our results are not consistent with an association between 2D:4D ratio and this craniofacial deformity. This suggests that intrauterine exposure to fetal androgens, assessed using this marker, is similar between patients with NSCL\/P and healthy individuals. We highlight the need for further studies in populations with different ancestries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1597\/15-266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,5]],"date-time":"2016-05-05T10:40:40Z","timestamp":1462444840000},"page":"595-601","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association between Hand Digit Ratio (2D:4D) and Nonsyndromic Orofacial Clefts"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Costa Mendes","family":"Patr\u00edcia Helena","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Science Program, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbosa","family":"Camila Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Science Program, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miranda Esteves Da Silva","family":"Myriam Thatyana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Science Program, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil."},{"name":"Jos\u00e9 do Ros\u00e1rio Vellano University, Alfenas, MG, Brazil, at the time this research was conducted."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ribeiro Parana\u00edba","family":"L\u00edvia M\u00e1ris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Science Program, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbosa Martelli","family":"Daniela Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Science Program, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"De Barros","family":"Let\u00edzia Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dentistry and Center for the Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, Jos\u00e9 do Ros\u00e1rio Vellano University, Alfenas, MG, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oliveira Swerts","family":"M\u00e1rio S\u00e9rgio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dentistry and Center for the Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, Jos\u00e9 do Ros\u00e1rio Vellano University, Alfenas, MG, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silveira","family":"Marise Fagundes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics, Health Science Program, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00fanior","family":"Herc\u00edlio Martelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Science Program, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil, and Center for the Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, Jos\u00e9 do Ros\u00e1rio Vellano University, Alfenas, MG, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-15-266","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2350-14-53"},{"key":"bibr2-15-266","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.23204"},{"key":"bibr3-15-266","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1808-86942011000100004"},{"key":"bibr4-15-266","volume-title":"Biostatistics-Theoretical and Computational","author":"Arango HG","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr5-15-266","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.4067\/S0034-98871998000700005","volume":"126","author":"Blanco R","year":"1998","journal-title":"Rev Med Chil"},{"key":"bibr6-15-266","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.20731"},{"key":"bibr7-15-266","first-page":"15","volume":"5","author":"Cuozzo 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