{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T13:46:33Z","timestamp":1789911993636,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["me"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,1]]},"DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585-40.2.206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,29]],"date-time":"2009-10-29T19:54:58Z","timestamp":1256846098000},"page":"206-214","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Effects of immunosuppression on encephalitis virus infection in the house finch, <I>Carpodacus mexicanus<\/I>"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"William K.","family":"Reisen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert E.","family":"Chiles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily N.","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farida","family":"Mahmood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent M.","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Laver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","reference":[{"key":"i0022-2585-40-2-206-b01","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3277599"},{"key":"i0022-2585-40-2-206-b02","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H. C. Barnett, Experimental studies of concurrent infection of canaries and of the mosquitoCulex tarsaliswithPlasmodium relictumand western equine encephalitis virus., Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg, 1956 .5 :99 \u2013109 .","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1956.5.99"},{"key":"i0022-2585-40-2-206-b03","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01309923"},{"key":"i0022-2585-40-2-206-b04","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. L. Beaudoin, J. E. Applegate, D. E. Davis, and R. G. McLean .A model for the ecology of avian malaria., J. Wildl. Dis, 1971 .7 :5 \u201313 .","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-7.1.5"},{"key":"i0022-2585-40-2-206-b06","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C. H. Calisher, K. S C. Maness, R. D. Lord, and P. H. Coleman .Identification of two South American strains of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus from migrant birds captured on the Mississippi Delta., Am. J. Epidemiol, 1971 .94 :172 \u2013178 .","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a121309"},{"key":"i0022-2585-40-2-206-b07","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D. L. Camenga, N. Nathanson, and G. A. Cole .Cyclophosphamide-potentiated West Nile viral encephalitis relative influence of cellular and humoral factors., J. Inf. Dis, 1974 .130 :634 \u2013641 .","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/130.6.634"},{"key":"i0022-2585-40-2-206-b08","unstructured":"R. E. Chiles, and W. K. Reisen .A new enzyme immunoassay to detect antibodies to arboviruses in the blood of wild birds., J. Vector Ecol, 1998 .23 :123 \u2013135 ."},{"key":"i0022-2585-40-2-206-b09","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P. J. Cote, B. E. Korba, B. Baldwin, W. E. Hornbuckle, B. C. Tennant, and J. L. Gerin .Immunosuppression with cyclosporine during the incubation period of experimental woodchuck hepatitis virus infection increases the frequency of chronic infection in adult woodchucks., J. Infect. Dis, 1992 .166 :628 \u2013631 .","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/166.3.628"},{"key":"i0022-2585-40-2-206-b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W. J. Crans, D. F. Cassamise, and J. R. McNelly .Eastern equine encephalomyelitis in relation to the avian community of a coastal cedar swamp., J. Med. Entomol, 1994 .31 :711 \u2013728 .","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/31.5.711"},{"key":"i0022-2585-40-2-206-b11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.130.3387.1471"},{"key":"i0022-2585-40-2-206-b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. F. Edwards, S. Higgs, and B. J. Beaty .Mosquito feeding-induced enhancement of Cache Valley Virus (Bunyaviridae) infection in mice., J. Med. Entomol, 1998 .35 :261 \u2013265 .","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/35.3.261"},{"key":"i0022-2585-40-2-206-b13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1592365"},{"key":"i0022-2585-40-2-206-b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C. M. Herman, W. C. Reeves, H. E. McClure, E. M. French, and W. M. Hammon .Studies on avian malaria in vectors and hosts of encephalitis in Kern County, California. I. Infections in avian hosts., Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg, 1954 .3 :676 \u2013695 .","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1954.3.676"},{"key":"i0022-2585-40-2-206-b17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-2427(93)90073-D"},{"key":"i0022-2585-40-2-206-b18","unstructured":"L. D. Kramer, H. M. Fallah, and R. E. Chiles .Molecular epidemiology of western equine encephalomyelitis virus in California., Proc. Mosq. Vector Control Assoc. Calif, 1998 .66 :45 \u201347 ."},{"key":"i0022-2585-40-2-206-b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L. D. Kramer, S. B. Presser, J. L. Hardy, and A. O. Jackson .Genotypic and phenotypic variation of selected Saint Louis encephalitis viral strains in California., Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg, 1997 .57 :222 \u2013229 .","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1997.57.222"},{"key":"i0022-2585-40-2-206-b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L. D. Kramer, T. M. Wolfe, E. N. Green, R. E. Chiles, H. Fallah, Y. Fang, and W. K. Reisen .Detection of encephalitis viruses in mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and avian tissues., J. Med. Entomol, 2002 .39 :312 \u2013323 .","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585-39.2.312"},{"key":"i0022-2585-40-2-206-b21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3024.2000.00326.x"},{"key":"i0022-2585-40-2-206-b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. D. Lord, and C. H. Calisher .Further evidence of southward transport of arboviruses by migratory birds., Am. J. Epidemiol, 1970 .92 :73 \u201378 .","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a121181"},{"key":"i0022-2585-40-2-206-b23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0804.010217"},{"key":"i0022-2585-40-2-206-b24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. G. McLean, Potentiation of Keystone virus infection in cotton rats by glucocorticoid-induced stress., J. Wildl. Dis, 1982 .18 :141 \u2013148 .","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-18.2.141"},{"key":"i0022-2585-40-2-206-b25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(94)90154-6"},{"key":"i0022-2585-40-2-206-b26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0604.000401"},{"key":"i0022-2585-40-2-206-b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W. C. Reeves, G. A. Hutson, R. E. Bellamy, and R. P. Scrivani .Chronic latent infection of birds with western equine encephalitis virus., Proc. Soc. Exp. Bio. Med, 1958 .97 :733 \u2013736 .","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-97-23862"},{"key":"i0022-2585-40-2-206-b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W. K. Reisen, R. E. Chiles, L. D. Kramer, V. M. Martinez, and B. F. Eldridge .Method of infection does not alter the response of chicks and house finches to western equine encephalomyelitis and St. Louis encephalitis viruses., J. Med. Entomol, 2000a .37 :250 \u2013258 .","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585-37.2.250"},{"key":"i0022-2585-40-2-206-b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W. K. Reisen, J. L. Hardy, and S. B. Presser .Evaluation of domestic pigeons as sentinels for detecting arbovirus activity in southern California., Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg, 1992 .46 :69 \u201379 .","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1992.46.69"},{"key":"i0022-2585-40-2-206-b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W. K. Reisen, L. D. Kramer, R. E. Chiles, E-G. N. Green, and V. M. Martinez .Encephalitis virus persistence in California birds preliminary studies with house finches (Carpodacus mexicanus)., J. Med. Entomol, 2001 .38 :393 \u2013399 .","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585-38.3.393"},{"key":"i0022-2585-40-2-206-b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W. K. Reisen, L. D. Kramer, R. E. Chiles, V. M. Martinez, and B. F. Eldridge .Response of house finches to infection with sympatric and allopatric strains of western equine encephalomyelitis and St. Louis encephalitis viruses., J. Med. Entomol, 2000b .37 :259 \u2013264 .","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585-37.2.259"},{"key":"i0022-2585-40-2-206-b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W. K. Reisen, H. D. Lothrop, R. E. Chiles, R. Cusack, E. G. Green, Y. Fang, and M. Kensington .Persistence and amplification of St. Louis encephalitis virus in the Coachella Valley of California, 2000\u20132001., J. Med. Entomol, 2002 .39 :793 \u2013805 .","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585-39.5.793"},{"key":"i0022-2585-40-2-206-b34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W. K. Reisen, J. O. Lundstrom, T. W. Scott, B. F. Eldridge, R. E. Chiles, R. Cusack, V. M. Martinez, H. D. Lothrop, D. Gutierrez, S. Wright, K. Boyce, and B. R. Hill .Patterns of avian seroprevalence to western equine encephalomyelitis and St. Louis encephalitis viruses in California, USA., J. Med. Entomol, 2000c .37 :507 \u2013527 .","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585-37.4.507"},{"key":"i0022-2585-40-2-206-b35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W. K. Reisen, R. P. Meyer, C. H. Tempelis, and J. J. Spoehel .Mosquito abundance and bionomics in residential communities in Orange and Los Angeles Counties, California., J. Med. Entomol, 1990 .27 :356 \u2013367 .","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/27.3.356"},{"key":"i0022-2585-40-2-206-b36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2427(97)00094-9"},{"key":"i0022-2585-40-2-206-b37","unstructured":"J. St. Leger, and H. L. Shivaprasad .Passerine protozoal sinusitis an infection you should know about., Proc. Ann. Conf. Assoc. AvianVet, 1998 .1998 :157 \u2013160 ."},{"key":"i0022-2585-40-2-206-b38","unstructured":"D. D. Stamm, and R. J. Newman .Evidence of southward transport of arboviruses from the U. S. by migratory birds., Ann. Microbiol, 1963 .11 :123 \u2013133 ."},{"key":"i0022-2585-40-2-206-b39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Sukura, T. Soveri, and L. A. Lindberg .Superiority of methylprednisolone over dexamethasone for induction ofPneumocystis cariniiinfection in rats., J. Clin. Microbiol, 1991 .29 :2331 \u20132332 .","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.29.10.2331-2332.1991"},{"key":"i0022-2585-40-2-206-b40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D. G. Thawley, R. F. Solorzano, and M. E. Johnson .Confirmation of pseudorabies virus infection, using virus recrudescence by dexamethasone treatment and in vitro lymphocyte stimulation., Am. J. Vet. Res, 1984 .45 :981 \u2013983 .","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1984.45.05.981"},{"key":"i0022-2585-40-2-206-b41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K. A. Trust, J. R. Fowles, M. J. Hooper, and A. Fairbrother .Cyclophosphamide effects on immune function of European starlings., J. Wildl. Dis, 1994 .30 :328 \u2013334 .","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-30.3.328"},{"key":"i0022-2585-40-2-206-b42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00164342"},{"key":"i0022-2585-40-2-206-b43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(96)00086-0"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Entomology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jme\/article-pdf\/40\/2\/206\/18207228\/jmedent40-0206.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T00:16:07Z","timestamp":1739405767000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jme\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1603\/0022-2585-40.2.206"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,1]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,1]]}},"alternative-id":["0022-2585(20030301)40:2L.206;1-"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1603\/0022-2585-40.2.206","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2585","0022-2585"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2585","type":"print"},{"value":"0022-2585","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,1]]}}}