{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T02:47:53Z","timestamp":1773802073989,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI)","issue":"14","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AAAI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>3D Gaussian Splatting-based geometry reconstruction is regarded as an excellent paradigm due to its favorable trade-off between speed and reconstruction quality. However, such 3D Gaussian-based reconstruction pipelines often face challenges when reconstructing semi-transparent surfaces, hindering their broader application in real-world scenes. The primary reason is the assumption in mainstream methods that each pixel corresponds to one specific depth\u2014an assumption that fails under semi-transparent conditions where multiple surfaces are visible, leading to depth ambiguity and ineffective recovery of geometric structures. To address these challenges, we propose TSPE-GS (Transparent Surface Probabilistic Extraction for Gaussian Splatting), a novel probabilistic depth extraction approach that uniformly samples transmittance to model the multi-modal distribution of opacity and depth per pixel, replacing the previous single-peak distribution that caused depth confusion across surfaces. By progressively fusing truncated signed distance functions, TSPE-GS separately reconstructs distinct external and internal surfaces in a unified framework. Our method can be easily generalized to other Gaussian-based reconstruction pipelines, effectively extracting semi-transparent surfaces without requiring additional training overhead. Extensive experiments on both public and self-collected semi-transparent datasets, as well as opaque object datasets, demonstrate that TSPE-GS significantly enhances reconstruction accuracy for semi-transparent surfaces while maintaining reconstruction quality in opaque scenes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v40i14.38130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T00:12:25Z","timestamp":1773792745000},"page":"11478-11486","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["TSPE-GS: Probabilistic Depth Extraction for Semi-Transparent Surface Reconstruction via 3D Gaussian Splatting"],"prefix":"10.1609","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Zhiyuan","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Nan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuhang","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tong","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"9382","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ojs.aaai.org\/index.php\/AAAI\/article\/download\/38130\/42092","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ojs.aaai.org\/index.php\/AAAI\/article\/download\/38130\/42092","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T00:12:25Z","timestamp":1773792745000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ojs.aaai.org\/index.php\/AAAI\/article\/view\/38130"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1609\/aaai.v40i14.38130","relation":{},"ISSN":["2374-3468","2159-5399"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2374-3468","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2159-5399","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]]}}}