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Osteogenesis was analyzed by alizarin red staining. Cellular mineralization was analyzed by ALP staining. Cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assay. Angiogenesis was analyzed by tube formation assay. We found that SIS\/HA effectively showed high cell viability. SIS\/HA loaded with BMSC-Exo enhanced the effects of SIS\/HA and promoted angiogenesis of RAOECs. Moreover, SIS\/HA loaded with BMSC-Exo enhanced the effects of SIS\/HA and mediated osteogenesis in vitro. BMSC-Exo-loaded SIS\/HA enhanced new bone regeneration in vivo. In summary, BMSC-Exo-coated SIS\/HA mediates osseointegration after tooth defect.<\/p>","DOI":"10.1615\/critreveukaryotgeneexpr.2026062593","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T15:10:05Z","timestamp":1769440205000},"page":"1-12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["SIS\/HA Loaded with BMSC-Exo Enhances the Osseointegration after Tooth Defect"],"prefix":"10.1615","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Kaiyang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guolin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"613","reference":[{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yan C, Zhang P, Qin Q, Jiang K, Luo Y, Xiang C, He J, Chen L, Jiang D, Cui W, Li Y. 3D-printed bone regeneration scaffolds modulate bone metabolic homeostasis through vascularization for osteoporotic bone defects. 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