{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T18:58:45Z","timestamp":1790794725510,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":113,"publisher":"Begell House","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Crit Rev Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<p>Natural killer (NK) cells, known for their potent anti-tumor activity, have faced challenges in clinical trials due to limited methods to enhance their expansion and anti-tumor potential. This review highlights the unique characteristics of osteoclasts-expanded supercharged NK (sNK) cells, showcasing their suitability for clinical applications. sNK cells exhibit remarkable anti-tumor efficacy, prolonged survival, and increased expansion when cultured with osteoclasts and probiotic bacteria. A comparative analysis with other NK cell expansion techniques reveals the distinct advantages of sNK cells in terms of survival, expansion, and functionality. Through proteomic, transcriptomic, single-cell RNAseq, and functional assessments, sNK cells demonstrate the ability to target both poorly differentiated\/stem-like tumors and well-differentiated tumors. Moreover, they can supplement the functional deficiency of autologous NK cells, restoring their effectiveness in combating cancer. The exceptional attributes of sNK cells position them as a unique and promising candidate for inclusion in clinical trials for cancer patients.<\/p>","DOI":"10.1615\/critrevimmunol.2025060671","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T13:47:36Z","timestamp":1754401656000},"page":"87-100","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Osteoclast-Expanded Natural Killer Cells Are a Unique Population of Cells Based on Transcriptomic and Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing and Proteomic and Functional Characteristics"],"prefix":"10.1615","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Kawaljit","family":"Kaur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"613","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stathopoulos GP, Dimitroulis J, Antoniou D, Katis C, Tsavdaridis D, Armenaki O, Marosis C, Michalopoulou P, Grigoratou T, Stathopoulos J. 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