{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T09:47:06Z","timestamp":1785404826191,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Begell House","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Long Term Eff Med Implants"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"abstract":"<p>This study was conducted to assess the patient characteristics, types of treatment, and outcomes of patients who are surgically treated for vertebral osteomyelitis (VO) in the United States. VO can be treated with or without surgical intervention. Surgically treated cases of VO are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and incur major healthcare costs. There are few studies assessing the characteristics and outcomes of patients with VO who are treated surgically, as well as the overall impact of surgically managed VO on the healthcare system of the United States. Utilizing the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database, 44,401 patients were identified who underwent surgical treatment for VO over a fifteen year period. Severity of comorbidity burden was calculated using the Deyo Index (DI). Surgical approach and comorbidities were analyzed in regard to their impact on complications, mortality rate, LOS, and hospitalization charges. The incidence of surgical intervention for patients who had VO increased from 0.6 to 1.1 per U.S. persons over the study period. Surgically treated patients had a mean age of 56 years, were 75.8&amp;#37; white, were 54.5&amp;#37; male, 37.9&amp;#37; carried Medicare insurance, and they had a mean DI of 0.88. Anterior\/posterior approach (OR: 3.53), thoracolumbar fusion (OR: 2.69), thoracolumbar fusion (OR: 19.94), and anterior\/posterior approach (OR: 64.73) were the surgical factors that most significantly predicted any complication, mortality, increased LOS, and increased hospital charges, respectively (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;\/i&gt; &amp;#60; 0.001). The mean inflation-adjusted total hospital cost increased from $20,355 to $39,991 per patient over the study period. VO has been steadily increasing in the United States. Incidence and inflation-adjusted costs nearly doubled. Anterior\/posterior approach and thoracolumbar fusion most significantly predicted negative outcomes. VO is associated with lengthy and expensive hospital stays resulting in a significant burden to patients and the healthcare system.\n<\/p>","DOI":"10.1615\/jlongtermeffmedimplants.2023049402","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]],"date-time":"2023-11-17T12:20:20Z","timestamp":1700223620000},"page":"83-94","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Impact of Patient Characteristics on Outcomes of Surgically Managed Vertebral Osteomyelitis in the United States: Insights from a National Database Study"],"prefix":"10.1615","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Kurowicki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stuart","family":"Changoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Coban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kumar","family":"Sinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ki","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arash","family":"Emami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"613","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmni.2015.04.008","article-title":"Changing trends in the epidemiology of vertebral osteomyelitis in Marseille, France","volume":"7","author":"Doutchi M.","year":"2015","journal-title":"New Microbes New Infect"},{"issue":"4","key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001157","article-title":"Neurologic complications, reoperation, and clinical outcomes after surgery for vertebral osteomyelitis","volume":"41","author":"Miller J.A.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"10","key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1086\/340102","article-title":"Vertebral osteomyelitis: Long-term outcome for 253 patients from 7 Cleveland-area hospitals","volume":"34","author":"Mchenry M.C.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0000000000000597","article-title":"The epidemiology of vertebral osteomyelitis in the United States from 1998 to 2013","volume":"31","author":"Issa K.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Spine Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-015-4318-y","article-title":"Outcome of conservative and surgical treatment of pyogenic spondylodiscitis: A systematic literature review","volume":"25","author":"Rutges J.P.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"3","key":"6","first-page":"11","article-title":"Spondylodiscitis: Update on diagnosis and management","volume":"65","author":"Gouliouris T.","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"2","key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2018.06.361","article-title":"Outcomes of multilevel vertebrectomy for spondylodiscitis","volume":"19","author":"Ackshota N.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"4","key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.4103\/2319-4170.112742","article-title":"Minimally invasive percutaneous endoscopic discectomy and drainage for infectious spondylodiscitis","volume":"36","author":"Fu T.S.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomed J"},{"issue":"1","key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5413.125508","article-title":"Transpedicular curettage and drainage versus combined anterior and posterior surgery in infectious spondylodiscitis","volume":"48","author":"Lee B.H.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J Orthop"},{"issue":"47","key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000002110","article-title":"A retrospective study of 39 patients treated with anterior approach of thoracic and lumbar spondylodiscitis: Clinical manifestations, anterior surgical treatment, and outcome","volume":"94","author":"Yaldz C.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-014-2058-0","article-title":"A retrospective study of 113 consecutive cases of surgically treated spondylodiscitis patients. 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