{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T23:34:28Z","timestamp":1771457668050,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17895"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17895"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Saint-Gobain Weber Beamix"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mater Struct"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper introduces an in-line dye tracer experiment to measure the residence time functions in continuous concrete processing. These functions quantify the material-system interdependency and can be used to compare different material-system combinations and for quality and process control. A Rhodamine B solution was used as the tracer material and detected by measuring the color intensity using a digital image processing technique. The experiment was validated on a 3D concrete printing system by comparing the results of impulse, step-up and step-down inputs with different tracer quantities. The results show that a high signal-to-noise ratio can be obtained with low tracer concentrations. For the examined combination of material and system, an impact on the original process was only observed for the step-up inputs at high tracer quantities. It is concluded that the presented method is cost-effective and non-labor-intensive and, therefore, has the potential for wide adoption and integration in automated workflows.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1617\/s11527-024-02378-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T06:01:56Z","timestamp":1715925716000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["An in-line dye tracer experiment to measure the residence time in continuous concrete processing"],"prefix":"10.1617","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6756-5151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arjen","family":"Deetman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1668-2638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Derk","family":"Bos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Blaakmeer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Theo","family":"Salet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3893-5322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Lucas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2378_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fritschi L (2016) Smart dynamic casting-a digital fabrication method for non-standard concrete structures. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3929\/ETHZ-A-010800371","DOI":"10.3929\/ETHZ-A-010800371"},{"issue":"3","key":"2378_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1504\/IJISE.2006.009791","volume":"1","author":"B Khoshnevis","year":"2006","unstructured":"Khoshnevis B, Hwang D, Yao KT, Yeh Z (2006) Mega-scale fabrication by contour crafting. Int J Ind Syst Eng 1(3):301\u2013320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1504\/IJISE.2006.009791","journal-title":"Int J Ind Syst Eng"},{"key":"2378_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/J.PROCIR.2016.02.107","volume":"43","author":"S Neudecker","year":"2016","unstructured":"Neudecker S, Bruns C, Gerbers R, Heyn J, Dietrich F, Dr\u00f6der K, Raatz A, Kloft H (2016) A new robotic spray technology for generative manufacturing of complex concrete structures without formwork. Procedia CIRP 43:333\u2013338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.PROCIR.2016.02.107","journal-title":"Procedia CIRP"},{"key":"2378_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmecsci.2018.01.010","volume":"137","author":"ASJ Suiker","year":"2018","unstructured":"Suiker ASJ (2018) Mechanical performance of wall structures in 3D printing processes: theory, design tools and experiments. Int J Mech Sci 137:145\u2013170. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijmecsci.2018.01.010","journal-title":"Int J Mech Sci"},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"2378_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-019-03844-6","volume":"104","author":"RJM Wolfs","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wolfs RJM, Suiker ASJ (2019) Structural failure during extrusion-based 3D printing processes. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 104(1\u20134):565\u2013584. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00170-019-03844-6","journal-title":"Int J Adv Manuf Technol"},{"key":"2378_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2020.106016","volume":"135","author":"ASJ Suiker","year":"2020","unstructured":"Suiker ASJ, Wolfs RJM, Lucas SM, Salet TAM (2020) Elastic buckling and plastic collapse during 3D concrete printing. Cem Concr Res 135:106016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cemconres.2020.106016","journal-title":"Cem Concr Res"},{"key":"2378_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100693-1.00020-5","volume-title":"Science and technology of concrete admixtures","author":"M Palacios","year":"2016","unstructured":"Palacios M, Flatt RJ (2016) Working mechanism of viscosity-modifying admixtures. Science and technology of concrete admixtures. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 415\u2013432"},{"key":"2378_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100693-1.00019-9","volume-title":"\u201cAccelerators\u201d, in science and technology of concrete admixtures","author":"P-C A\u00eftcin","year":"2016","unstructured":"A\u00eftcin P-C (2016) \u201cAccelerators\u201d, in science and technology of concrete admixtures. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 405\u2013413"},{"key":"2378_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103972","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CEMCONCOMP.2021.103972","volume":"119","author":"Y Tao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tao Y, Rahul AV, Lesage K, Yuan Y, Van Tittelboom K, De Schutter G (2021) Stiffening control of cement-based materials using accelerators in inline mixing processes: Possibilities and challenges. Cem Concr Compos 119:103972. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.CEMCONCOMP.2021.103972","journal-title":"Cem Concr Compos"},{"key":"2378_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106782","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CEMCONRES.2022.106782","volume":"155","author":"T Wangler","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wangler T, Pileggi R, G\u00fcrel S, Flatt RJ (2022) A chemical process engineering look at digital concrete processes: critical step design, inline mixing, and scaleup. Cem Concr Res 155:106782. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.CEMCONRES.2022.106782","journal-title":"Cem Concr Res"},{"key":"2378_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2018.04.005","volume":"112","author":"N Roussel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Roussel N (2018) Rheological requirements for printable concretes. Cem Concr Res 112:76\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cemconres.2018.04.005","journal-title":"Cem Concr Res"},{"key":"2378_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104164","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CEMCONCOMP.2021.104164","volume":"122","author":"A Perrot","year":"2021","unstructured":"Perrot A, Pierre A, Nerella VN, Wolfs RJM, Keita E, Nair SAO, Neithalath N, Roussel N, Mechtcherine V (2021) From analytical methods to numerical simulations: A process engineering toolbox for 3D concrete printing. Cem Concr Compos 122:104164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.CEMCONCOMP.2021.104164","journal-title":"Cem Concr Compos"},{"key":"2378_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-90535-4_3","volume-title":"Digital fabrication with cement-based materials: state-of-the-art report of the RILEM TC 276-DFC","author":"V Mechtcherine","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mechtcherine V, Fataei FP, Bos F, Buswell R, Leal da Silva WR, Keita E, Krauss HW, Lowke D, Perrot A, Nerella VN, Roussel N, Sonebi M, Wangler T, Weger D, Wolfs R (2022) Digital fabrication with cement-based materials: underlying physics. In: Roussel N, Lowke D (eds) Digital fabrication with cement-based materials: state-of-the-art report of the RILEM TC 276-DFC. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 49\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-90535-4_3"},{"key":"2378_CR14","first-page":"448","volume-title":"RILEM Bookseries","author":"T Wangler","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wangler T, Scotto F, Lloret-Fritschi E, Flatt RJ (2019) Residence time distributions in continuous processing of concrete. RILEM Bookseries. Springer, Cham, pp 448\u2013456"},{"key":"2378_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Levenspiel O (1999) Chemical reaction engineering. Wiley & Sons","DOI":"10.1021\/ie990488g"},{"key":"2378_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-8074-8","volume-title":"Tracer technology: modeling the flow of fluids","author":"O Levenspiel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Levenspiel O (2012) Tracer technology: modeling the flow of fluids. Springer New York"},{"key":"2378_CR17","unstructured":"Heller W (1990) Prozessanalyse von Mischsystemen der betonherstellung mit hilfe der radionuklid-tracertechnik"},{"key":"2378_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.21809\/rilemtechlett.2023.181","volume":"8","author":"D Bos","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bos D, Wolfs R (2023) A quality control framework for digital fabrication with concrete. RILEM Techn Lett 8:106\u2013112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21809\/rilemtechlett.2023.181","journal-title":"RILEM Techn Lett"},{"issue":"1","key":"2378_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-2509(53)80001-1","volume":"2","author":"PV Danckwerts","year":"1953","unstructured":"Danckwerts PV (1953) Continuous flow systems. Chem Eng Sci 2(1):1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0009-2509(53)80001-1","journal-title":"Chem Eng Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"2378_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3752","DOI":"10.1021\/ie071635a","volume":"47","author":"EB Nauman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nauman EB (2008) Residence time theory. Ind Eng Chem Res 47(10):3752\u20133766. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ie071635a","journal-title":"Ind Eng Chem Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"2378_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1794","DOI":"10.1016\/J.SOLENER.2009.05.017","volume":"83","author":"B Ruot","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ruot B, Plassais A, Olive F, Guillot L, Bonafous L (2009) TiO2-containing cement pastes and mortars: measurements of the photocatalytic efficiency using a rhodamine B-based colourimetric test. Sol Energy 83(10):1794\u20131801. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.SOLENER.2009.05.017","journal-title":"Sol Energy"},{"issue":"1","key":"2378_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100005","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4918472","volume":"1664","author":"M Aigner","year":"2015","unstructured":"Aigner M, Lepschi A, Aigner J, Garmendia I, Miethlinger J (2015) Experimental study and verification of the residence time distribution using fluorescence spectroscopy and color measurement. AIP Conf Proc 1664(1):100005. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/1.4918472","journal-title":"AIP Conf Proc"},{"issue":"2","key":"2378_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.3390\/PHARMACEUTICS10020049","volume":"10","author":"J Wesholowski","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wesholowski J, Berghaus A, Thommes M (2018) Inline determination of residence time distribution in hot-melt-extrusion. Pharmaceutics 10(2):49. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/PHARMACEUTICS10020049","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2378_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JFOODENG.2005.04.025","volume":"75","author":"A Kumar","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kumar A, Ganjyal GM, Jones DD, Hanna MA (2006) Digital image processing for measurement of residence time distribution in a laboratory extruder. J Food Eng 75(2):237\u2013244. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JFOODENG.2005.04.025","journal-title":"J Food Eng"},{"issue":"7","key":"2378_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1002\/pen.20793","volume":"47","author":"C Bi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bi C, Jiang B, Li A (2007) Digital image processing method for measuring the residence time distribution in a plasticating extruder. Polym Eng Sci 47(7):1108\u20131113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pen.20793","journal-title":"Polym Eng Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2378_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1002\/PEN.24544","volume":"58","author":"PR Wahl","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wahl PR, H\u00f6rl G, Kaiser D, Sacher S, Rupp C, Shlieout G, Breitenbach J, Koscher G, Khinast JG (2018) In-line measurement of residence time distribution in melt extrusion via video analysis. Polym Eng Sci 58(2):170\u2013179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/PEN.24544","journal-title":"Polym Eng Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2378_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CEMCONRES.2012.11.001","volume":"45","author":"M Choi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Choi M, Roussel N, Kim Y, Kim J (2013) Lubrication layer properties during concrete pumping. Cem Concr Res 45(1):69\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.CEMCONRES.2012.11.001","journal-title":"Cem Concr Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"2378_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.3390\/MA13051233","volume":"13","author":"S Fataei","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fataei S, Secrieru E, Mechtcherine V (2020) Experimental insights into concrete flow-regimes subject to shear-induced particle migration (SIPM) during pumping. Materials 13(5):1233. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/MA13051233","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"2378_CR29","unstructured":"Thermo Fisher Scientific, \u201cA13572 Rhodamine B product specification.\u201d Accessed: Apr. 11, 2022. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/alfaaesar.com\/en\/prodspec\/A13572"},{"issue":"3","key":"2378_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/S00348-020-2909-9\/FIGURES\/10","volume":"61","author":"MM Prenting","year":"2020","unstructured":"Prenting MM, Bin Dzulfida MI, Dreier T, Schulz C (2020) Characterization of tracers for two-color laser-induced fluorescence liquid-phase temperature imaging in sprays. Exp Fluids 61(3):1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S00348-020-2909-9\/FIGURES\/10","journal-title":"Exp Fluids"},{"key":"2378_CR31","unstructured":"Skoog DA, Holler FJ, Crouch SR (2018) Principles of instrumental analysis seventh edition. Cengage learning"},{"issue":"4","key":"2378_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2012.01.007","volume":"42","author":"J Spangenberg","year":"2012","unstructured":"Spangenberg J, Roussel N, Hattel JH, Stang H, Skocek J, Geiker MR (2012) Flow induced particle migration in fresh concrete: theoretical frame, numerical simulations and experimental results on model fluids. Cem Concr Res 42(4):633\u2013641. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cemconres.2012.01.007","journal-title":"Cem Concr Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2378_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-9322(77)90001-5","volume":"3","author":"RG Cox","year":"1977","unstructured":"Cox RG, Hsu SK (1977) The lateral migration of solid particles in a laminar flow near a plane. Int J Multiph Flow 3(3):201\u2013222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0301-9322(77)90001-5","journal-title":"Int J Multiph Flow"}],"container-title":["Materials and Structures"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1617\/s11527-024-02378-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1617\/s11527-024-02378-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1617\/s11527-024-02378-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]],"date-time":"2024-06-26T14:05:00Z","timestamp":1719410700000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1617\/s11527-024-02378-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["2378"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1617\/s11527-024-02378-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1359-5997","1871-6873"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1359-5997","type":"print"},{"value":"1871-6873","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 February 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 April 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 May 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"104"}}