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This study explores enzymatic-induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) using urease to improve water resistance and self-healing in earthen-based 3D printed elements containing cement and rice husk fibers. Urease catalyzes urea hydrolysis, forming calcium carbonate (\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <jats:alternatives>\n                        <jats:tex-math>$${\\text {CaCO}}_{3}$$<\/jats:tex-math>\n                        <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                          <mml:msub>\n                            <mml:mtext>CaCO<\/mml:mtext>\n                            <mml:mn>3<\/mml:mn>\n                          <\/mml:msub>\n                        <\/mml:math>\n                      <\/jats:alternatives>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    ) to fill pores and seal cracks. EICP was applied as a soil additive for water resistance and as a surface treatment for crack repair. The optimized formulation (1\u00a0M\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <jats:alternatives>\n                        <jats:tex-math>$${\\text {CaCl}}_{2}$$<\/jats:tex-math>\n                        <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                          <mml:msub>\n                            <mml:mtext>CaCl<\/mml:mtext>\n                            <mml:mn>2<\/mml:mn>\n                          <\/mml:msub>\n                        <\/mml:math>\n                      <\/jats:alternatives>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    -urea 4 U\/L urease, Mod. B1-E4) achieved 25.5% less mass loss than 24. 7% for nonenzymatic controls after 60 min of immersion in water and sealed cracks up to 0.45 mm wide within 48\u00a0h. SEM, EDS, and XRD analysis confirmed a reduction in porosity 15% through\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <jats:alternatives>\n                        <jats:tex-math>$${\\text {CaCO}}_{3}$$<\/jats:tex-math>\n                        <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                          <mml:msub>\n                            <mml:mtext>CaCO<\/mml:mtext>\n                            <mml:mn>3<\/mml:mn>\n                          <\/mml:msub>\n                        <\/mml:math>\n                      <\/jats:alternatives>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    formation, which improved resistance to erosion. The formulation yielded 0.75 g of\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <jats:alternatives>\n                        <jats:tex-math>$${\\text {CaCO}}_{3}$$<\/jats:tex-math>\n                        <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                          <mml:msub>\n                            <mml:mtext>CaCO<\/mml:mtext>\n                            <mml:mn>3<\/mml:mn>\n                          <\/mml:msub>\n                        <\/mml:math>\n                      <\/jats:alternatives>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    per reaction cycle, demonstrating efficient biocementation. EICP offers a low carbon alternative for improving the durability of 3D printed earthen structures as a pore-filler and crack-sealer, with potential for sustainable and scalable repairs in construction.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1617\/s11527-026-02971-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T13:22:18Z","timestamp":1774876938000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Improved resistance to water erosion and self-healing capacity of earthen-based 3D printed elements using enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation (EICP)"],"prefix":"10.1617","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Omar","family":"Rojas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Nakamatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Aguilar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Robert","family":"\u00d1a\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Guido","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Suyeon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2971_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2025.112111","volume":"103","author":"D Zavaleta","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zavaleta D et al (2025) 3d-printing of a basic housing unit prototype using earthen-based matrices stabilized with rice husk fibers. 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