{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T15:39:33Z","timestamp":1779896373612,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Zhejiang University Press","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"name":"the ONR MURI project","award":["N00014-16-1-2007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N00014-16-1-2007"]}]},{"name":"the DARPA XAI Award","award":["N66001-17-2-4029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N66001-17-2-4029"]}]},{"name":"NSF IIS","award":["1423305"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1423305"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["springerlink.com","jzus.zju.edu.cn"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Frontiers Inf Technol Electronic Eng"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"DOI":"10.1631\/fitee.1700808","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,26]],"date-time":"2018-04-26T12:16:16Z","timestamp":1524744976000},"page":"27-39","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":730,"title":["Visual interpretability for deep learning: a survey"],"prefix":"10.1631","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6108-2738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Quan-shi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Song-chun","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"635","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/iccv.2015.329"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2014.487"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/cvpr.2017.354"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"2172","article-title":"Infogan: inter-pretable representation learning by information maximizing generative adversarial nets","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"NIPS"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.522"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/iccv.2017.371"},{"key":"ref7","author":"Goyal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Towards transparent AI systems: interpreting visual question answering models"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/cvpr.2016.90"},{"key":"ref9","author":"Hu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Harnessing deep neural networks with logic rules"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.243"},{"key":"ref11","author":"Kindermans","year":"2017","journal-title":"Learning how to explain neural networks: patternnet and patternattribution"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"1885","article-title":"Understanding black-box predictions via influence functions","volume-title":"Proc 34th Int Conf on Machine Learning","author":"Koh","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"1097","article-title":"Imagenet classification with deep convolutional neural networks","author":"Krizhevsky","year":"2012","journal-title":"NIPS"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/cvprw.2017.215"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v31i1.10821"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/5.726791"},{"key":"ref17","author":"LeCun","year":"1998b","journal-title":"The MNIST Database of Handwritten Digits"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/iccv.2015.425"},{"key":"ref19","author":"Lu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Unsupervised learning on neural network outputs (v9)"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/cvpr.2015.7299155"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"1","article-title":"Reading digits in natural images with unsupervised feature learning","author":"Netzer","year":"2011","journal-title":"NIPS"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/cvpr.2017.374"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23915\/distill.00007"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/avss.2009.58"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2939672.2939778"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"3859","article-title":"Dynamic routing between capsules","author":"Sabour","year":"2017","journal-title":"NIPS"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/iccv.2017.74"},{"key":"ref28","author":"Simonyan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Deep inside convolutional networks: visualising image classification models and saliency maps"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"1","article-title":"Striving for simplicity: the all convolutional net","volume-title":"Inte Conf on Learning Representations","author":"Springenberg","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref30","author":"Su","year":"2017","journal-title":"One pixel attack for fooling deep neural networks"},{"key":"ref31","author":"Szegedy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Intriguing properties of neural networks"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/cvpr.2017.416"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-010-0346-6"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/cvpr.2007.383034"},{"key":"ref35","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Interpretable R-CNN"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/iccv.2009.5459386"},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"1173","article-title":"How transferable are features in deep neural networks?","author":"Yosinski","year":"2014","journal-title":"NIPS"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-10590-1_53"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v31i1.10924"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/cvpr.2017.414"},{"key":"ref41","author":"Zhang","year":"2017b","journal-title":"Interactively transferring CNN patterns for part localization"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v32i1.11833"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v32i1.11819"},{"key":"ref44","author":"Zhang","year":"2018c","journal-title":"Interpreting CNNs via decision trees"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00920"},{"key":"ref46","author":"Zhou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Object detectors emerge in deep scene CNNs"},{"key":"ref47","author":"Zintgraf","year":"2017","journal-title":"Visualizing deep neural network decisions: prediction difference analysis"}],"container-title":["Frontiers of Information Technology &amp; Electronic Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1631\/FITEE.1700808\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1631\/FITEE.1700808.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1631\/FITEE.1700808.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T06:57:36Z","timestamp":1771657056000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1631\/FITEE.1700808"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]}},"alternative-id":["1208"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1631\/fitee.1700808","relation":{},"ISSN":["2095-9184","2095-9230"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2095-9184","type":"print"},{"value":"2095-9230","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6108-2738","URL":"http","order":0,"name":"name","label":"Quan-shi ZHANG","group":{"name":"orcid","label":"ORCID"}},{"value":"2017-12-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-01-25","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-01-28","order":2,"name":"crosschecked","label":"Crosschecked","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"Review","order":0,"name":"content_type","group":{"name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"}},{"value":"\u00a9 Zhejiang University and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018","order":0,"name":"copyright","group":{"name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}}]}}